The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular governmentFollett, Mary Parker
Science
The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular government
Follett, Mary Parker
Democracy; Political participation; Social psychology; State, The
Thus while two groups may be competing, certain members of these groups
may be working together for the satisfaction of some interest. This is
recognized by law. A man can be a member of different corporations. Our
possibility of association is not exhausted by contributing to the
production of one legal person, we may help to create many different
legal persons, each with an entirely different set of liabilities. Then
there may be some sort of relation with a definite legal status existing
between these bodies: I as member of one corporation may have relation
with myself as member of another corporation. We see this clearly in the
case of corporations, but it is what is taking place everywhere, this
interlocking and overlapping of groups, and is I feel one of the
neglected factors in the argument of those who are advocating
occupational representation. What we are working for is a plastic social
organization: not only in the sense of a flexible interaction between
the groups, but in the sense of an elasticity which makes it possible
for individuals to change constantly their relations, their groups,
without destroying social cohesion. Vocational representation would tend
to crystallize us into definite permanent groups.
The present advocacy of organic democracy or “functionalism” is
obviously, and in many cases explicitly, a reaction to “individualism”:
the functional group must be the unit because the individual is so
feared. I agree with the denunciation of the individual if you mean the
man who seeks only his own advantage. But have we not already seen that
that is not the true individual? And do we not see now that man is a
multiple being? Life is a recognition of multitudinous multiplicity.
Politics must be shaped for that. Our task is to make straight the paths
for the coming of the Lord—the true Individual. Man is struggling for
the freedom of his nature. What is his nature? Manifold being. You must
have as many different kinds of groups as there are powers in man—this
does away with “organic democracy.”
The state cannot be composed of groups because no group nor any number
of groups can contain the whole of me, and the ideal state demands the
whole of me. No one group can seize the whole of me; no one group can
seize any part of me in a mechanical way so that having taken one-tenth
there are nine-tenths left. My nature is not divisible into so many
parts as a house into so many rooms. My group uses me and then the whole
of me is still left to give to the whole. This is the constant social
process. Thus my citizenship is something bigger than my membership in a
vocational group. Vocational representation does not deal with men—it
deals with masons and doctors. I may be a photographer but how little of
my personality does my photography absorb. We are concerned with what is
left over—is that going to be lost? The whole of every man must go into
his citizenship.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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