The part labor will take in the new state depends now largely upon labor itself. Labor must see that it cannot reiterate its old cries, that it need no longer demand “rights.” It is a question of a new conception of the state and labor seeing its place within it. For a new state is coming—we cannot be blind to the signs on every side, we cannot be deaf to the voices within. Labor needs leaders to-day who are alive not to the needs of labor, but to the needs of the whole state: then it will be seen as a corollary how labor fits in, what the state needs from labor, what labor needs from the state, what part labor is to have _in_ the state. ----- Footnote 136: See pp. 199–201. Footnote 137: Some writers talk of trade representation vs. party organization as if in the trade group you are rid of party. Have they studied the politics of trade unionism? In neither the trade group nor the neighborhood group do you automatically get rid of the party spirit. That will be a slow growth indeed. Footnote 138: Yet perhaps the trade-union has been one of the truest groups, one of the most effective teachers of genuine group lessons which we have yet seen. Increased wages, improved conditions, are always for the group. The trade-unionist feels group-wants; he seeks to satisfy these through group action. Moreover the terms of a collective bargain cannot be enforced without a certain amount of group solidarity. In strikes workmen often sacrifice their own interests for what will benefit the union: the individual—I may prefer his present wages to the privations of a strike; the group-I wants to raise the wages of the whole union. Footnote 139: I have not in this brief statement distinguished between government “ownership,” “control,” “regulation,” etc. See “War-Time Control of Industry” by Howard L. Gray. Footnote 140: “Representative Government in British Industry” by J. A. Hobson, in _New Republic_, September 1, 1917. Footnote 141: See p. 120. Footnote 142: Following the precedent of England which provided, under the Munitions of War act and other legislation, machinery (joint boards representing employers and employed) for the prevention and adjustment of labor disputes. Footnote 143: Christensen, “Politics and Crowd Morality,” p. 238. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PART IV THE DUAL ASPECT OF THE GROUP: A UNION OF INDIVIDUALS, AN INDIVIDUAL IN A LARGER UNION ------------------------------------------------------------------------ XXXIV THE MORAL STATE AND CREATIVE CITIZENSHIP --------------