| Late Magdalenian.| Neolithic | [137] | | | | Settlements in | | | Ancylus | | Crete. | | | Dryas, Birch, | | | | | Pine | | | | | Maglemose. | | | | | | | | | | Littorina | 4. Daun Stage. | | 6,000 B. C.? | | Depression. | | | | | Optimum | Azilian-Tard. | | (7,000) B. C.? | | Climate. | | | | | Oak. | Campignian. | Sumerians in | | | Shell-heaps. | | Babylonia. | | | | | | | | Full Neolithic.| Full Neolithic. | Predynastic | 4,000 | | Beech. | | Egyptians. | (-6,000) B. C.?| | | | Copper Period. | | | | | | | | Bronze Period. | Bronze Period. | XI-XIII Egyptian | 1,900- | | | | Dynasties. | 2,500 B. C. | +----------------+---------------------+-------------------+----------------+ CHART II. CHANGES OF CLIMATE IN DENMARK[138] 1. Arctic climate. Temperature about 8° Cent. Younger Yoldia layers, Older Dryas period. Flora: _Dryas octopetala_, _Salix polaris_. 2. Subarctic climate. Temp. 8°-12° Cent. Older Dryas. Flora as in 1. 3. Climate becomes moderate, continental. First maximum temp. 12°-15° Cent. Birches, poplars, junipers. 4. Climate subarctic. Temp. 8°-12° Cent. Birches. 5. Climate arctic. Temp. 8° Cent. _Salix polaris._ 6. Climate subarctic. Temp. 8°-12°. Younger Dryas period. 7. Temperature moderates. Dry continental climate. _a._ Aspen Epoch; _b._ Pine period with oaks beginning to appear=Ancylus period. 8. Moderate insular climate. Temp. 15°-17° Cent. Climatic optimum. Older Tapes layers, Maximum of Littorina depression. Shell-heaps. 9. Temp. 15°-17° Cent. Probably slightly cooler than 8. Oak Epoch. Beech begins to appear but is still rare. Younger Tapes (Dosinia) layers. 10. Moderate insular climate about 16.1° Cent. Beech Epoch. Mya layers. These climatic changes seem to argue for a comparatively recent date for the Littorina depression and the shell-heaps. CHAPTER IX NEOLITHIC PEOPLES AND THEIR MIGRATIONS