[222] Regarding conditions in China, especially the extraordinary discipline and working ability of the Chinaman, see my _Rising Tide of Colour against White World-Supremacy_, pp. 28-30, 243-251. [223] Metin, _op. cit._, p. 337. [224] A. Yusuf Ali, _Life and Labour in India_, p. 183 (London, 1907). [225] "India in the Years 1917-1918" (official publication--Calcutta). [226] Young and Ferrers, _India in Conflict_, pp. 15-17 (London, 1920). [227] Sir W. M. Ramsay, "The Turkish Peasantry of Anatolia," _Quarterly Review_, January, 1918. [228] _I. e._ peasants and landlords. [229] J. Chailley _Administrative Problems of British India_, p. 339 (London, 1910--English translation). [230] Mukerjee, _op. cit._, p. 9. [231] On the co-operative movement in India, see Fisher, _India's Silent Revolution_, pp. 54-58; R. B. Ewebank, "The Co-operative Movement in India," _Quarterly Review_, April, 1916. India's economic problems, both agricultural and industrial, have been carefully studied by a large number of Indian economists, some of whose writings are extremely interesting. Some of the most noteworthy books, besides those of Mukerjee and Yusuf Ali, already quoted, are: Dadabhai Naoroji, _Poverty and Un-British Rule in India_ (London, 1901); Romesh Dutt, _The Economic History of India in the Victorian Age_ (London, 1906); H. H. Gosh, _The Advancement of Industry_ (Calcutta, 1910); P. C. Ray, _The Poverty Problem in India_ (Calcutta, 1895); M. G. Ranade, _Essays on Indian Economics_ (Madras, 1920); Jadunath Sarkar, _Economics of British India_ (Calcutta, 1911). [232] The best compendium of Swadeshist opinion is the volume containing pronouncements from all the Swadeshi leaders, entitled, _The Swadeshi Movement: A Symposium_ (Madras, 1910). See also writings of the economists Gosh, Mukerjee, Ray, and Sarkar, above quoted, as well as the various writings of the nationalist agitator Lajpat Rai. A good summary interpretation is found in M. Glotz, "Le Mouvement 'Swadeshi' dans l'Inde," _Revue du Mois_, July, 1913. [233] Sir T. Morison, _The Economic Transition in India_, pp. 240-241. Also see Sir Valentine Chirol, _Indian Unrest_, pp. 255-279; William Archer, _India and the Future_, pp. 131-157. [234] Syed Sirdar Ali Khan, _India of To-day_, p. 19 (Bombay, 1908). [235] J. Ramsay Macdonald, _The Government of India_, p. 133 (London, 1920). [236] In _The Hindustan Review_ (Calcutta), 1917. [237] Good examples are found in the writings of Mukerjee and Lajpat Rai, already quoted. [238] G. Lowes Dickinson, _An Essay on the Civilizations of India, China, and Japan_, pp. 84-85 (London, 1914). CHAPTER VIII SOCIAL CHANGE