[54] Vambery, "An Approach between Moslems and Buddhists," _Nineteenth Century and After_, April, 1912. [55] Special cable to the New York _Times_, dated Rome, May 28, 1919. [56] Sir T. Morison, "England and Islam," _Nineteenth Century and After_, July, 1919. [57] H. H. The Aga Khan, _India in Transition_, p. 158 (London, 1918). [58] This hatred of Western civilization, as such, will be discussed in the next chapter. [59] Ernst Paraquin, formerly Ottoman lieutenant-colonel and chief of general staff, in the _Berliner Tageblatt_, January 24, 1920. [60] A. Vambery, _La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans_, pp. 71, 72 (Paris, 1898). [61] A. Servier, _Le Nationalisme musulman_, p. 182. [62] B. Temple, "The Place of Persia in World-Politics," _Proceedings of the Central Asian Society_, May, 1910. [63] L. Rinn, _Marabouts et Khouan_, p. vi. [64] Sir T. Morison, "England and Islam," _op. cit._ [65] Yahya Siddyk, _Le Reveil des Peuples islamiques au quatorzieme Siecle de l'Hegire_ (Cairo, 1907). Also published in Arabic. [66] For a full discussion of the effect of the Great War upon Asiatic and African peoples, see my book _The Rising Tide of Colour against White World-Supremacy_ (New York and London, 1920). [67] L. Massignon, "L'Islam et la Politique des Allies," _Revue des Sciences politiques_, June, 1920. [68] Sir T. Morison, "England and Islam," _op. cit._ [69] For the Ikhwan movement, see P. W. Harrison, "The Situation in Arabia," _Atlantic Monthly_, December, 1920; S. Mylrea, "The Politico-Religious Situation in Arabia," _The Moslem World_, July, 1919. [70] For the Salafi movement, see "Wahhabisme--Son Avenir sociale et le Mouvement salafi," _Revue du Monde musulman_, 1919. [71] On the general subject of economic Pan-Islamism, see A. Le Chatelier, "Le Reveil de l'Islam--Sa Situation economique," _Revue Economique internationale_, July, 1910; also his article "Politique musulmane," _Revue du Monde musulman_, September, 1910; M. Pickthall, "La Morale islamique," _Revue Politique internationale_, July, 1916; S. Khuda Bukhsh, _Essays: Indian and Islamic_ (London, 1912). CHAPTER III THE INFLUENCE OF THE WEST