_Emperors_: Augustus. Tiberius. Caligula. Claudius. Nero. Galba. Otho. Vespasian. Titus. Domitian. Nerva. Trajan. Hadrian. Antoninus Pius. Aurelius. Verus. Commodus. Severus. Caracalla. Geta. Decius. .......... A. D. 251. Egyptian history ends here as far as the monuments are concerned, for Decius is the last Roman emperor mentioned by them. Prominent among the succeeding emperors are Gallienus, Aurelian, Probus, Diocletian, Constantine the Great, Constantius, and Theodosius the Great. The emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, called the Byzantines, rule over Egypt from A. D. 395 to 638. The Mohammedans then conquer the country in 638, and have remained in possession until now. One of the best of these rulers or Khedives was the late Ishmael Pasha. "CITY OF OBELISKS." A designation of Heliopolis. ^{1 91} "CITY OF THE SEVEN HILLS." A designation of Rome which was originally built on seven hills. ^{25} "CITY OF THE SUN." The translation of the Greek word [Greek: Hêlioupolis] [Hêliûpolis], which is An or Heliopolis. ^{36 51} CLAUDIUS. The fourth Roman emperor (A. D. 41-54). His full name is Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus. In the Egyptian inscriptions he is called ^{8} suten-kaut? Auteqreder-Kîsers sa Râ Qertus-Dabarsa The king of Upper "Autocrator the Sun's "Claudius and Lower Egypt, Cæsar", offspring, Tiberius". CLEOPATRA II. The sister and wife of Ptolemy VII. Philometor, and afterwards wife of her brother Ptolemy IX. Euergetes II. She reigned with them at intervals, {112}but all by herself from B. C. 130 to 127. Her name and that of Ptolemy IX. on the Obelisk of Philæ were the first that were read after the discovery of the Egyptian alphabet by François Champollion. Her Egyptian name is ^{7} sen·t·f him·t·f heq·t neb taui Qlûapedra·t His sister, his wife, mistress, lord of the two countries, "Cleopatra". CLEOPATRA VI. The famous and infamous queen after whom the New York Obelisk is named, though incorrectly. She was born B. C. 69, married her brother Ptolemy XIV. in 52, combined with Julius Cæsar in 49, and dethroned her brother who was soon after that drowned. In 47 she married her second brother Ptolemy XV. whom she poisoned in 44. She then made her own son by Julius Cæsar, Ptolemy XVI. Cæsarion, co-regent with herself, but, falling in love with Mark Antony, killed her son and placed her lover on the throne in 37. At the very height of her power she was vanquished by Octavius, who became afterwards the emperor Augustus, and died with Mark Antony in 30 B. C. Her Egyptian name is ^{39 40} heq·t neb taui Qlûpeter The mistress, lord of the two countries, "Cleopatra". "CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE." The usual designation of the New York Obelisk. ^{8 10 41 42 81}