several pieces of artillery that fired grape-shot. His entrenchments were assaulted by Suleiman’s forces, and as the result of this attack Suleiman lost his flags, much of his ammunition, and most of his guns, together with several thousand of his men. Nevertheless, in spite of the recovery of Egyptian prestige throughout the Sudan, Suleiman’s power was not yet at an end. He gathered up more forces, and continued to attack Gessi. At last reinforcements arrived from the north which enabled Gessi to take the offensive. He captured stronghold after stronghold. In the spring of 1879 Suleiman was flying for his life with only a thousand men. Gessi destroyed almost all the strongholds of the slavers (some of which had existed for twenty-five years, and had devastated all the country around) in the province of Bahr-al-Ghazal. Gordon Pasha had now come to Gessi’s assistance, and established himself at Shakka on the Nile. He also invaded Darfur, reconquered that country, and prevented reinforcements reaching Suleiman from that direction. Eventually, after a hundred fights, Gessi succeeded in tracking Suleiman to his last refuge. At the time he had no more than two hundred men with him, whilst Suleiman had eight hundred. Taking the camp entirely by surprise, he tried a game of bluff, and sent a messenger to tell Suleiman that he had surrounded his place with a large force, and that resistance was hopeless. Suleiman therefore surrendered. Gessi tried him by court-martial, and had him shot in November, 1879. This ended the first of the great rebellions which menaced Anglo-Egyptian authority in the Sudan. Gessi was made a Pasha for his services, and Governor of the Bahr-al-Ghazal province. He slowly brought about peace among the distracted Negro tribes. During all the operations undertaken by Gordon and Gessi a good many additions were made to the geography of the Bahr-al-Ghazal, the Bahr-al-Arab, and Darfur. After Gordon’s departure from the Sudan Gessi found it impossible to work with the Egyptian Governor-General, Raiūf Pasha. He was also extremely ill. He therefore decided to return to Europe, but got no farther than Suez, where he died in 1881, having uttered several premonitions as to the possibility of another revolt. As a matter of fact, the Mahdi, who had just begun to make himself known as a rebel, did little more than carry on the reaction against the anti-slave-trading policy of the Anglo-Egyptian control. All the elements of Suleiman’s revolt which had been destroyed by the splendid valour of Gessi and Gordon gathered round the new leader, and brought about that cataclysm which closed the area of Nile exploration for fourteen years.