refused to believe that the ideals of human brotherhood had been destroyed; they were suffering eclipse temporarily but would relive in “The New Dawn.” To Woodrow Wilson, in the later months of the war, Rolland made an appeal to “be the arbiter of the free peoples.” On the day of the armistice he issued a manifesto, _L’Humanité_, a call to “brain workers,” comrades all through the world, to reconstruct a fraternal union. The play, _The Montespan_, translated by Helena van Brugh de Kay, is called a “sequel to _Above the Battle_.” He had written, during these days of seclusion and thought, his study and appreciation of _Mahatma Gandhi: the Man Who Became One with the Universal Being_ (translated by Catherine D. Groth), which has been quoted in the previous chapter upon Rabindranath Tagore. As relaxation, he wrote _Liluli_, a comedy with the “goddess of illusion” as its heroine. There are some lines of satire and some of burlesque, as the combatants wrestle. It was symbolic of France during the war years, as _he_ viewed his country, scorning Truth and heaping up ruins of past greatness. This has been illustrated with thirty-two wood engravings by Frans Masereel (New York, 1920). While Rolland was exercising his ironical wit upon this picture of war, he was writing _Clerambault: the Story of an Independent Spirit during the War_, a sad portrayal of a pacifist. This has been translated by Katherine Miller (New York, 1921). It is a dissertation more than a story, a presentation of the author’s own sentiments, with much philosophy about life and conflicts. The man, Clerambault, passes through strange spiritual experiences. The early scenes of his rural home life, peaceful and happy, are contrasted with his fanaticism when he reaches Paris and urges his son, Maxime, to enter the army; then come reactions, after the death of the son and his own probings of conscience. The author interprets the tale as a tragedy for the man and his wife, but a triumph of freedom for his soul. There are many autobiographical touches in this psychological story.