It may seem a far cry from the Frankish inquests of the ninth century to the juries and the representative assemblies of the twentieth, but the development is continuous, and it leads through Normandy. In this sense the English-speaking countries are all heirs of the early Normans and of the Norman kings who, all unconsciously, provided for the extension and the perpetuation of the Norman methods of trial. At such points Norman history merges in that of England, the British Empire, and the United States. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The chief events in the history of the Norman empire are treated in the general works of Miss K. L. Norgate, _England under the Angevin Kings_ (London, 1887); Sir J. H. Ramsay, _The Angevin Empire_ (London, 1903); G. B. Adams, _History of England from the Norman Conquest to the Death of John_ (London, 1905); H. W. C. Davis, _England under the Normans and Angevins_ (London, 1905). There is a brief biography of _Henry the Second_ by Mrs. J. R. Green (London, 1888; reprinted, 1903); and a more recent one by L. F. Salzmann (Boston, etc., 1914). A notable characterization of Henry and his work is given by William Stubbs, in the introduction to his edition of _Benedict of Peterborough_, II (London, 1867), reprinted in his _Historical Introductions_ (London, 1902), pp. 89–172. For the continental aspects of the reign see F. M. Powicke, _The Loss of Normandy_ (Manchester, 1913); and his articles in the _English Historical Review_, XXI, XXII (1906–07). Cf. A. Cartellieri, _Die Machtstellung Heinrichs II. von England_, in _Neue Heidelberger Jahrbücher_, VIII, pp. 269–83 (1898); F. Hardegen, _Imperialpolitik König Heinrichs II. von England_ (Heidelberg, 1905). The fullest account of Irish affairs is G. H. Orpen, _Ireland under the Normans_ (Oxford, 1911). * * * * *