Matilda of Flanders, 233; marries William of Normandy, 237; builds Church of the Holy Trinity in Caen, 238; influence in Normandy, 245; gives William a ship, 298; rules Normandy in his absence, 325; favors her son Robert, 334; dies, 335 Mauger, 90; Archbishop of Rouen, 112, 124; opposition to William and Matilda's marriage, 236; dismissal of, by William, 251 Mauritius, 238 Mercia, 187 Michael, Emperor of Constantinople, 128 Mirmande, 111 Monasticism, 215; value of, to Normandy, 230 Montgomery, house of, 152 Morkere, 288, 320 Mortain, Count of, 282 Mortemer, battle of, 248 Mount St. Michel, 265 N Navarre, 54 Neal of St. Saviour, 201; at Val-ès-dunes, 208; goes to Brittany, 202; at Hastings, 306 Neustria, 35, 79 Normandy, Rolf's voyage to, 29, 34; formerly called Neustria, 35; independence of, 44; division of, 46; improvement of, 47; loyalty to France, 57; relations with France, 60; holds its own against Louis Outremer, 82; first money coined in, 84; the Norman character, 91; manufactures of, 92; chivalry in, 93; attacked by Æthelred, 103; changes in, 115; Christianity in, 118; social progress of, 132; colonies in Southern Italy, 133; feudalism in, 153; knighthood of, 156; churches of, 168; plague in, 169; Æthelred escapes to, 177; state of religion in, 217; architecture, 239, 240; enmity between Flanders and, 245; victory at Mortemer, 248; craftiness of, 250; victory at Varaville, 252; Harold in, 268; governed by William and Lanfranc, 279; preparation for war in, 295; wins the battle of Hastings, 300; influence of Norman character, 356-360 Norman women, 323, 326 Northmen, voyages of, 4; literature of, 9; arts of the, 11; ship-building of, 12; in Bayeux, 59 Norway, coast of, 1; metals in, 4; home-life in, 6; reputation of, 9; ships of, 12-14; colonies of, 19; women in, 23; pirates, 26; Haarfager's government of, 30 O Odo of Bayeux, 282, 304, 323; made Earl of Kent, 324; Italian plot, 336; release from prison, 339; plots of, 347 Odo of France, 247 Olaf of Norway, 109, 175 Ordericus Vitalis, chronicle of, 334, 337 Orkneys, 1, 30, 293 Oslac, 60 Osmond de Centeville, 72 Otho William, 107 Otto of Germany, 86 P Palermo, 146 Palgrave, Sir Francis, 89, 91 Paris, plundering of, 19, 40; borders of Normandy near, 125 Pavia, Lanfranc born in, 226 Peasantry, Norman, 93; complaint of, 95; parliament of and commune, 96; in England, 330 Peter the Hermit, 351 Pevensey, 299 Philip, King of France, 337 Poictiers, 246 Ponthieu, 246; Harold shipwrecked in, 260; William's ships sail for, 297 Popa, 43, 45, 60 Pyrenees, 246 Q Quevilly, 275 R Ragnar Lodbrok, 25 Rainulf of Ferrières, 68 Ralph Flambard, 349 Ralph of Tesson, 206 Ralph of Toesny, 249 Randolph of Bayeux, 202 Raoul of Ivry, 96; against the peasants, 97, 98 Ravens, black, 15 Renaud, 110 Richard of Evreux, 282