2. The whole point of giving the direction of the wind (south-west) is to supply an indication of the course. To this course Professor Hovgaard pays no attention: from Resolution Island to Herjulfsness the bearing would actually be to the south of east, and the rest of the voyage is to the west of north. With regard to Karlsefni, Professor Hovgaard’s treatment of his authorities is even more arbitrary. The previous expeditions, he agrees with me, had found Wineland on the coast of the United States. Now Wineland was Karlsefni’s objective, and his expedition, if somewhat cumbrous, was more elaborately equipped and took more time than any other. Yet, according to the writer under consideration, Karlsefni never got to Wineland at all. He first paid a visit to Baffin Land or northern Labrador, then coasted to Nain on the Labrador coast and conferred on that locality a name (Markland) already allocated by his predecessor to a spot far to the south,[98] and next, instead of following Leif’s directions, went wandering into Sandwich Bay, which is here identified with Straumsfjord. True, as our author remarks, the winter at Straumsfjord is described as severe. Still, the expedition was evidently not frozen in, as it would have been in Labrador, for even at this time the Norsemen ‘hoped for fishing or jetsam’, and actually acquired a stranded whale. Captain Cartwright, who settled in this region, thus describes the winter conditions:— Ascend yon Mountain’s top; extend your view O’er Neptune’s trackless Empire, nor will you, In all his vast Domain, an Opening have, Where foams the Billow, or where heaves the Wave. A dreary Desart all, of Ice and Snow. In this spot, according to Professor Hovgaard, maddened by mosquitoes in the summer, and hopelessly frozen in during a long winter, the experienced Karlsefni, far north of his objective, established his principal base. And in all the three years of his exploration, according to the same author, Karlsefni never penetrated farther than a ‘Hóp’ in Newfoundland, having failed to reach even the Markland of his predecessor. The theory in fact involves a wholesale readjustment and arbitrary selection of the available material which must be read to be appreciated. Of course Karlsefni found no vines or corn, and the ‘sands’ of Furdustrands are conspicuously absent.