The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussedGathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
History
The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussed
Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse
This was described by its first recognized discoverer, Verezzano, in
1524, in the following words: ‘We found a very pleasant situation among
some steep hills, through which a very large river, deep at its mouth,
forced its way into the sea.... We passed up this river, about half a
league, when we found it formed _a most beautiful lake_, three leagues
in circuit.’
Juet, in his account of Hudson’s visit to the same place, describes the
estuary itself as a lake, and adds, ‘the mouth of that land hath many
shoalds, and the sea breaketh on them as it is cast out of the mouth
of it.... To the northward off us we saw high hills.... This is a very
good land to fall with, and a pleasant land to see’.
De Laet, in his account of Hudson’s discovery, states, ‘he (Hudson)
found there also vines and grapes, ... from all of which there is
sufficient reason to conclude that it is a pleasant and fruitful
country.’ Even the salmon, reported in the Flatey account of Leif’s
voyage, in which, as has been pointed out, the description is largely
borrowed from Karlsefni’s Hóp, appear formerly to have existed here. At
any rate, Hudson is stated to have found them in this river, both by
Juet and De Laet.
_The Mountains at Hóp._
It is claimed that the analysis of Karlsefni’s voyage which has been
attempted above presents no real difficulty, and is open to far fewer
objections than any alternative theory. It is inconsistent with no fact
alleged in the saga with the exception of the southerly course, and
this, as has been shown, has to be abandoned on any hypothesis. It is
the only theory which really gets over the Furdustrands difficulty; it
provides a Straumsfjord and a Hóp which are both inherently probable
landfalls, and which correspond in every particular with the details
given. It does not seem to me that nearly as much can be said for the
accepted theory of Nova Scotia, or for any other alternative. One
further point must now be referred to. At the end of the section of
Eric’s Saga and Hauk’s Book dealing with the last voyage and death of
Thorvald Ericson comes a sentence which is quite differently rendered
in the two versions. According to the Saga of Eric the Red, it runs,
‘They intended to explore all the mountains, those which were at Hóp,
and those which they found.’ Hauk, however, gives it as follows: ‘They
considered that the mountains which were at Hóp and those which they
now found were all one, and so were close opposite to one another, and
that the distance from Straumsfjord was the same in both directions.’
The word translated ‘intended’ in the first case, and ‘considered’
in the second, is the same, and the first part of the sentence is
therefore nearly identical in the original, except for the omission of
the words ‘at kanna’ (to explore) in Hauk’s rendering.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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