Now if, from a misunderstanding, of the true orientation of the Greenland peninsula, Icelandic or Norwegian sailors got the idea that it was necessary to follow the Greenland coast in order to approach the countries discovered in America, it is easy to see how they might bring back reports of ice and arctic conditions, and possibly of parts of Baffin Land and northern Labrador, which might thus become identified with the lands discovered by Leif and Karlsefni. The Icelandic geography referred to above conveys, as already stated, an impression that while countries identified with Helluland and Markland had been visited, Wineland had been sought for in vain, and its exact situation was at the time of writing unknown. This is quite intelligible if later explorers had, for the reason suggested above, confined their search to more northerly latitudes. Whilst, then, these early maps are of no use as authorities whereby we may unravel the problems of the original Wineland voyages, I think that they are of considerable interest both as affording evidence of later Scandinavian voyages to America, and also as providing a solution of the way in which the mistaken idea which associated Wineland with the north may have come into existence. _Conclusion._ The data being now exhausted, it only remains to bid farewell to our explorers. Comparisons are proverbially odious, and it is futile to bring Columbus and his successors into the question. Karlsefni and his contemporaries were—as discoverers—born out of due time. With the general interest which was felt in exploration in the fifteenth and following centuries, with kings to back them and states to develop their discoveries, above all, with an armament immeasurably superior to that of the natives, such as the later explorers possessed, these simple Norse seamen might have attained a far wider fame, or even have affected the course of history. As it was their deeds were unimportant, and soon almost if not quite forgotten. To-day the man in the street looks incredulous or astonished at the very mention of the Wineland voyages, however well authenticated these are seen to be by the student of the subject. A little less scepticism, a little less complete oblivion is all that shall be asked for them here. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, R. B. _America not discovered by Columbus._ Chicago, 1874. Babcock, W. H. _Early Norse Discoveries in America._ Smithsonian miscellaneous collections, Washington, 1913. Beamish, N. L. _Discovery of North America by the Northmen._ Boston, 1841. Beazley, C. R. _Dawn of Modern Geography._ London, 1901. —— Articles ‘_Leif Ericson_’ and ‘_Thorfinn Karlsefni_’ in Encyclopædia Britannica. Bruun, D. _Erik den Röde._ Copenhagen, 1915. Cornhill Magazine. Article in vol. xxvi. London, 1872. De Costa, B. F. _Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the Northmen._ Albany, 1901.