Sporangia scattered, depressed-globose, sometimes also flattened below, stipitate, smooth or slightly corrugate, ashen or brownish, about 1 mm. in diameter, the peridium dehiscing irregularly or somewhat radiately from above downwards, the segments reflexed, the inner layer not distinguishable, or inseparable; stipe short, stout, brownish, sometimes almost lacking; hypothallus not conspicuous, but sometimes sufficient to connect the bases of adjacent stipes; columella large, hemispherical or globose, pallid or yellowish; capillitium abundant, of slender generally simple, colored threads, paler at the furcate tips; spores dark violaceous, minutely roughened, 8-11 mu. Rare on rotten logs in the forests; September. Easily recognized by the short-stiped, ashen sporangia which before dehiscence indicate by delicate tracings the lines which subsequent cleavage is to follow. In texture the peridium resembles that of _D. floriforme_. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Iowa, Virginia, Colorado, Washington, Oregon; Europe generally. The Linnaean description on which to base the specific name _D. radiatum_ is wholly inadequate. It appears also by the testimony of Linne _fils_, that _L. radiatum_ Linne is a lichen! and the name is so applied by Persoon. But in the Linnaean herbarium preserved at London, _teste_ Lister, the original type of _Lycoperdon radiatum_ L. may yet be seen! to the confusion of _fils_, Persoon, and other followers of Schrader all, and our stellar species becomes radiate now, let us hope for long! 16. DIDERMA TREVELYANI (_Grev._) _Fr._ 1825. _Leangium trevelyani_ Grev., _Scot., Cr. Fl._, Tab. 132. 1829. _Diderma trevelyani_ (Grev.) Fr., _Syst. Myc._, III., p. 105. 1875. _Chondrioderma trevelyani_ (Grev.) Rost., _Mon._, p. 182. 1877. _Diderma geasteroides_ Phill., _Grev._, V., p. 113. 1877. _Diderma laciniatum_ Phill., _Grev._, V., p. 113. Sporangia scattered, globose or nearly so, smooth or verruculose, reddish-brown or rufescent, sessile or short-stipitate, the outer peridium firm, splitting more or less regularly into unequal, revolute, petal-like lobes which are white within, the inner not distinguishable as such; stipe, when present, equal, furrowed, concolorous; columella small or none; capillitium abundant, the threads rather rigid, purple or purplish brown, branching and anastomosing, more or less beaded; spores dark, violaceous brown, spinulose, 10-13 mu.