Sporangia scattered, gregarious, cyathiform or turbinate, grayish brown, stipitate, the peridial wall rather thick, double, opening by a distinct lid which lies usually below the slightly thickened and everted margin of the cup; stipe paler, translucent, about equalling in height the peridial cup, longitudinally wrinkled, with hypothallus scant or none; capillitium physaroid, the calcareous nodules large, white, and generally aggregated at the centre of the cup; spore-mass black, spores by transmitted light violaceous, minutely warted, 8-10 mu. This is the most highly differentiated of the whole series. The cup is shapely and well defined, while the lid is not only distinct, but is a thin, delicate membrane of slightly different structure when compared with the peridial wall. It is in all the specimens before us much depressed below the mouth of the sporangium, and the whole structure in our specimens corresponds with Fries' description of _C. pedunculatum_ Trent., while specimens received from Europe correspond to Fries' account of _C. minutum_ Leers. Nevertheless we are assured that the two forms are in Europe developed from the same plasmodium, and therefore adopt the earlier specific name as above. _N. A. F._, 2500. This is probably _Fungoides convivalis_ of Batsch and Micheli. In this species yellow sporangia are sometimes seen. Miss Currie reports from Toronto such variation and in Europe the case seems not unusual. In fact, there is a yellow tinge about the sporangia of every species listed here, except the first. With the same exception, the plasmodium in every case is yellow. Common throughout the eastern United States, west to Iowa, Colorado, and south to Louisiana; cosmopolitan. =5. Physarella= _Peck._ 1882. _Physarella_ Peck, _Bull. Torr. Bot. Club_, IX., p. 61. Sporangium pervious to the base, the interior walls forming a persistent spurious columella; capillitium composed of filaments with here and there minute knot-like thickenings, straight tubes containing lime-granules extending from the exterior to the interior walls of the sporangium, persistently attached to the former.[31] Such is Dr. Peck's original description of this most peculiar genus. The form of the sporangium in the only species is very variable, but in typical cases is vasiform, the peridial wall at the apex introverted. The capillitium is like that of _Tilmadoche_, except for the presence of the "straight tubes" emphasized in the original description. These are very remarkable and at once diagnostic. They take origin in the sporangial wall and pass across to the "columella"; but at the dehiscence of the sporangium, in typical cases, they remain attached at the points of origin, projecting as stout spine-like processes. PHYSARELLA OBLONGA (_Berk. & C._) _Morg._ PLATE VIII., Figs. 4, 4 _a_, 4 _b_, 4 _c_; PLATE XVI., Figs. 1, 1 _a_, 1 _b_, and 6.