The North Americans of Antiquity: Their origin, migrations, and type of civilization consideredShort, John T. (John Thomas)
History
The North Americans of Antiquity: Their origin, migrations, and type of civilization considered
Short, John T. (John Thomas)
Indians -- Origin; Indians of Mexico -- Antiquities; Indians of North America -- Antiquities
no description, except to give its dimensions, since in all other
respects it is precisely similar to the House of the Moon. The House
of the Sun, according to the measurement of Sr. Garcia y Cubas, which
is the most recent, is at the base 232 metres or 761 feet by 220 metres
or 722 feet. Its height is 66 metres or 216 feet, while the summit
platform measures 18 by 32 metres or 59 by 105 feet. Both this pyramid
and the preceding have each a small mound on one of their sides near
their base. In the latter instance this mound seems connected with an
avenue of mounds just west of it. An embankment marked _a_, _b_, _c_,
_d_, one hundred and thirty feet wide on the summit and twenty feet
high, widening out at the extremities into platforms, extends around
three sides of the “House of the Sun.” Across the Rio San Juan, and at
the distance of twelve hundred and fifty yards southward of the “House
of the Sun,” stands the Texcalpa or “citadel.” This is a quadrangular
enclosure, measuring on its exterior twelve hundred and forty-six by
thirteen hundred and thirty-eight feet. The embankments are of enormous
strength, being two hundred and sixty-two feet thick by thirty-three
feet high, except on the western side, which is but sixteen feet high.
The enclosure is divided unequally by a wall as strong as that upon
the sides. On the centre of this wall stands a pyramid ninety-two feet
high. At its base are two small mounds besides one in the western
enclosure, while fourteen others averaging twenty feet in height are
arranged with regularity upon the summit of the enclosing wall. An
avenue two hundred and fifty feet wide formed by mounds and measuring
two hundred and fifty rods in length, extends from a point south of
the “House of the Moon” to the river, as is shown from C to D, in the
plan. The avenue is cut up into compartments by six cross embankments,
a rather strange feature for which no explanation has been afforded.
These mounds are mostly conical, built of fragments of stone and clay,
and some of them reach a height of thirty feet. The native traditions
call it Micaotli, which may indicate that they were designed for the
purposes of sepulture. Almaraz, who excavated one of the multitude of
mounds or _tlalteles_ in the vicinity, found four walls meeting at
right angles, though a little inclined and forming a small square.
Connected with this were steps, at the top of which four other walls
enclosed a little room, supposed to have been a tomb. The natives
describe the discovery of a stone box in one of the mounds containing
a skull, with about such a collection of trinkets as is commonly met
with in the stone graves of Tennessee. Mayer describes a massive stone
column, ten feet long and four feet square, cut from a single block.
This resembles the elaborate capitol of a column resting on a base with
scarcely a shaft intervening. It is called the fainting stone by the
natives, who believe that whoever sits on it is sure to faint instantly.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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