The North Americans of Antiquity: Their origin, migrations, and type of civilization consideredShort, John T. (John Thomas)
History
The North Americans of Antiquity: Their origin, migrations, and type of civilization considered
Short, John T. (John Thomas)
Indians -- Origin; Indians of Mexico -- Antiquities; Indians of North America -- Antiquities
Several minor objects of sculpture found in the States of Oajaca and
Vera Cruz might be cited, but their interest for the reader would be
too insignificant to justify a description.[576] One of the principal
objects of this class and much superior to any of the others is a
grotesque fountain cut in the living rock at Tusapan. The statue is
that of a woman in a kneeling posture, and measures nineteen feet in
height. The waters of a neighboring spring formerly ran into a basin
formed among the plumes of the female’s head-dress, from which it found
its way through the entire length of the figure, and flowed forth from
beneath her skirts.[577] At Panuco the traditional point of the arrival
of the Nahuas, several rude limestone statues were found, some of which
have been figured in the _Journal of the London Geographical Society_,
by Mr. Vetch, one of which is copied by Mr. Bancroft.[578] The marked
features of these statues is the elaborateness of the style of
head-dress worn. We cannot see that they are far removed in their style
from similar statues dug from mounds in the Mississippi Valley. In the
State of Puebla, at various points, especially at Tepexe el Viejo, at
Tepeaca, and at Quanhquelchula, minor sculptures of animals, birds,
reptiles, monsters, etc., were observed by Dupaix.[579] Rattlesnakes
were found plentiful both in sculptures and in a state of nature.
At Cuernavaca, in the State of Mexico, numerous boulder-sculptures,
finely executed in low-relief, exist. Dupaix has figured and Bancroft
copied one in particular, showing a beautiful coat-of-arms, sculptured
on the smooth face of a huge boulder. A circle of arrows and Maltese
cross which compose them, are all symbolical of power.[580] Similar
coats-of-arms were observed in the State of Puebla. Probably the most
remarkable sculpture found in the country occupied by the Nahuas, is
that upon the walls of the pyramid of Xochicalco, illustrated on a
preceding page.[581] Most of the sculptures are of colossal dragons’
heads, which occur at each of the corners. Human figures, seated
cross-legged and holding something like the Assyrian sun symbol in the
left are found on the frieze, though some observers have considered
this figure to be that of a curved cross-hilted sword, a weapon never
employed by the Nahuas. The elaborate head-dresses and strings of
enormous pearls worn by the seated figures bear a striking resemblance
to the stuccoes of Palenque. At Xochimilco on the western shore of
Lake Chalco, Dupaix found several interesting specimens of ancient
sculpture.[582] The most celebrated article of Aztec sculpture,
unquestionably, is the calendar-stone, which, together with the
so-called sacrificial stone and the idol Teoyaomiqui, was in December,
1790, dug up in the Plaza Mayor, in the city of Mexico, on the
supposed site of the great teocalli, destroyed by the conquerors. The
calendar-stone, now built into the wall of the cathedral, where it can
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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