Farming was carried on very much as the Mokis carry it on to-day, except that the Mokis do not have to build irrigating ditches, the showers supplying by their method water enough to mature the crops. A German has recently settled south-westerly from the Mokis and, I have been told, grows good crops on his place without irrigation. Mindeleff further states that “on the southern side of Clear Creek, about a mile above its mouth, there are extensive horticultural[299] works covering a large area of the terrace or river bench.... For a distance of two miles east and west along the creek, and perhaps half a mile north and south, there are traces of former works pertaining to horticulture, including irrigating ditches, ‘reservoirs,’ farming outlooks, etc.” The reservoirs are supposed by some to have been threshing-floors, being large circular depressions lined with clay. The produce derived from these farming operations was corn, beans, squashes, and cotton, corn being the principal. Cotton was grown by some, but not all, of the south-western tribes. A great many of the tribes throughout the United States and Mexico were farmers to a greater or less extent, and many of the earthworks of the Mississippi valley were in all probability connected with agriculture. It was necessary there to protect the crops from marauding parties from wilder tribes, so, in all probability, some of the earthworks, surmounted by palisades or by watch-houses, served to guard the crops from depredations. Morgan thinks some of the square ones were foundations for communal houses,[300] and this is also probable. [Illustration: LARGE MOUND OF THE ETOWAH GROUP, GEORGIA Next to the Cahokia, this is probably the most important work of its kind remaining in the Mississippi valley. It is sixty-one feet high, and the area of the base is about three acres. With several smaller ones, it stands in the middle of a tract of about fifty acres of rich land, bounded on one side by the Etowah River, and on the other by a semi-circular artificial waterway or moat. The top approximates a square, with a sort of roadway adjoining and leading up on the left. The entire contents are about 160,000 cubic yards. It is composed of earth which was taken from the moat and adjoining excavations From a photograph ]