When the whites came to these shores and took possession right and left of the soil, they immediately stirred up the hostility of the owners, who naturally desired to be considered in the matter. Penn did consider them, and he had no trouble; and I have no doubt much of the fighting and enmity which followed our coming might have been avoided if Europeans had more fully recognised the native rights and had paid a fair equivalent for what they wanted. But there was nothing to compel this attention to the moral side, and justice must have force to bind it; besides, owing to the large influx of whites, the Amerinds were inevitably driven back. The English in a measure finally recognised the Iroquois rights and then afterwards turned this to good account by claiming sovereignty over the territory on the ground that the Iroquois were British subjects. The Navajos recognise the San Juan River as their northern limit and the Southern Utes correspondingly accepted it as their southern limit. “The claims of the Susquehannocks extended down the Chesapeake Bay on the east shore, as far as the Choptank River and on the west shore as far as the Patuxent. In 1654 they ceded to the government of Maryland their southern territory to these boundaries.”[365] Thus it is proved that Maryland recognised their ownership. These examples are enough to show that the territorial rights of each tribe were definitely understood, just as nations to-day have established limits. When the settlements of our people finally crowded tribes back upon each other’s domain, a great deal of confusion and dispute arose as to ownership, and when the government began to pay for lands it was often necessary to pay for the same tract several times, owing to the conflicting claims.