As there were outlaws among the whites, so too there were outlaws among the Amerinds. These were men from various tribes who had committed crimes and escaped the punishment they should have received according to the law of their people, and coming together they sometimes formed a band by themselves in some strong and isolated position. A good example of such a band of renegades was that of one Patnish in south-eastern Utah near the Navajo mountain. It was composed of outlaws from the surrounding tribes, chiefly Utes and Navajos, and was the terror of the country, though in 1872, when I first knew of it, nothing in the way of serious depredation had been attempted for several years. The Mormons of southern Utah looked upon Patnish as a dangerous man, yet he sometimes came to their frontier villages in a peaceful way. He had three or four stalwart sons who usually accompanied him in his travels, and they were always ready for emergencies. The band wore the Navajo dress and, I understood, preferred to be considered Navajos. Beckwourth mentions a renegade band of this sort in his time, a village “composed of outlaws from all the surrounding tribes, who were expelled from their various communities for sundry infractions of their rude criminal code; they had acquired a hard name for their cruelties and excesses, and many white traders were known to have been killed by them.... The village numbered three hundred lodges, and could bring from twelve to fifteen hundred warriors into the field.... We called it the City of Refuge.”[405] He speaks of them as Cheyennes, but I suppose they were Cheyennes in the same way that Patnish’s band were Navajos; because they preferred to be called so. These outlaws often caused trouble between the better class of Amerinds and the whites, because, especially in the earlier days, an “Indian” was an “Indian” always and everywhere, and a crime of the outlaws or others was revenged upon the first “Indian” that was met with. There never was any inquiry to find out if he committed the crime; he was generally shot on sight. Innocence was a quality never thought of in dealing with “Indians.” By reason of their birth, they were all guilty of any crime perpetrated.