The Norwich Road: An East Anglian HighwayHarper, Charles G. (Charles George)
History
The Norwich Road: An East Anglian Highway
Harper, Charles G. (Charles George)
England -- Description and travel; Norwich Road
The present state of agriculture in Eastern England is made manifest
in deserted farms, in broken gates left hanging precariously on one
hinge, in decaying barns and cart-sheds left to rot; rusted ploughs
and decrepit waggons standing derelict in the once fertile fields, now
overrun with foul weeds and rank with docks, charlock, and thistles;
and farms, long advertised "to let," remaining and likely to remain
tenantless. Not to everyone is it possible to grow seeds and flowers,
and market-gardening is profitable only in the lands more immediately
surrounding the great towns. With wheat at its present price of thirty
shillings a quarter, it does not pay to grow corn for the market, and
the land is going out of cultivation. Where the farmer still struggles
on, he lays down most of his holding in grass for sheep and cattle,
and grows, grudgingly, as little wheat as possible, for sake of the
straw. Things are not quite so bad as in 1894, when wheat was down to
twenty shillings a quarter, and farmers fed their pigs on the harvest
which cost them three pounds more per acre to grow than it would have
brought in the market; but at thirty shillings it yields no profit.
Agricultural England is, in short, ruined, and there seems no present
hope of things becoming better. While the boundless, bountiful
harvests of Argentina, of Canada, the United States, Russia and other
wheat-producing countries can be cultivated, reaped, and carried to
these shores at the prices that now rule, and while the stock-breeders
of those lands can raise sheep and cattle just as advantageously, the
English farmer must needs go without a living wage. As matters stand
at present, we import fully seventy-five per cent. of the wheat used
in the country; the acreage under corn having gone down from 4,058,731
acres in 1852, to about half that at the present day. Meanwhile the
population has increased by thirteen millions; so that, with many
more mouths to fill, we grow only half the staple food these islands
produced then. There are, of course, those who reap the advantage of
cheap corn and cheap meat from over seas. The toiling millions of the
towns and cities thrive on those benefits; but what if, through war, or
from any other cause, those sea-borne supplies ceased? Of what avail
would have been this generation of cheapness if at last the nation must
starve? Extinguish agriculture and the farmer, and you cannot recall
them at need, nor with magic wand bring back to cultivation a land
which has long gone untilled.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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