Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902 -- Notebooks, sketchbooks, etc.
I can give no answer to this as regards the unintelligible clauses, for
what we come to in the end is just as abhorrent to and inconceivable by
reason as what they offer us; but as regards what may be called the
intelligible parts—that Christ was born of a Virgin, died, rose from the
dead—we say that, if it were not for the prestige that belief in these
alleged facts has obtained, we should refuse attention to them. Out of
respect, however, for the mass of opinion that accepts them we have
looked into the matter with care, and we have found the evidence break
down. The same reasoning and canons of criticism which convince me that
Christ was crucified convince me at the same time that he was
insufficiently crucified. I can only accept his death and resurrection
at the cost of rejecting everything that I have been taught to hold most
strongly. I can only accept the so-called testimony in support of these
alleged facts at the cost of rejecting, or at any rate invalidating, all
the testimony on which I have based all comfortable assurance of any kind
whatsoever.
God and the Unknown
God is the unknown, and hence the nothing _qua_ us. He is also the
ensemble of all we know, and hence the everything _qua_ us. So that the
most absolute nothing and the most absolute everything are extremes that
meet (like all other extremes) in God.
Men think they mean by God something like what Raffaelle and Michael
Angelo have painted; unless this were so Raffaelle and Michael Angelo
would not have painted as they did. But to get at our truer thoughts we
should look at our less conscious and deliberate utterances. From these
it has been gathered that God is our expression for all forces and powers
which we do not understand, or with which we are unfamiliar, and for the
highest ideal of wisdom, goodness and power which we can conceive, but
for nothing else.
Thus God makes the grass grow because we do not understand how the air
and earth and water near a piece of grass are seized by the grass and
converted into more grass; but God does not mow the grass and make hay of
it. It is Paul and Apollos who plant and water, but God who giveth the
increase. We never say that God does anything which we can do ourselves,
or ask him for anything which we know how to get in any other way. As
soon as we understand a thing we remove it from the sphere of God’s
action.
As long as there is an unknown there will be a God for all practical
purposes; the name of God has never yet been given to a known thing
except by way of flattery, as to Roman Emperors, or through the attempt
to symbolise the unknown generally, as in fetish worship, and then the
priests had to tell the people that there was something more about the
fetish than they knew of, or they would soon have ceased to think of it
as God.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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