{16} “The doctrine preached by Weismann was that to start with the body and inquire how its characters got into the germ was to view the sequence from the wrong end; the proper starting point was the germ, and the real question was not ‘How do the characters of the organism get into the germ-cell _which it_ produces?’ but ‘How are the characters of an organism represented in the germ _which produces it_?’ Or, as Samuel Butler has it, the proper statement of the relation between successive generations is not to say that a hen produces another hen through the medium of an egg, but to say that a hen is merely an egg’s way of producing another egg.” _Breeding and the Mendelian Discovery_, by A. D. Darbishire. Cassell & Co., 1911, p. 187–8. “It has, I believe, been often remarked that a hen is only an egg’s way of making another egg.” _Life and Habit_, Trübner & Co., 1878, chapter viii, p. 134. And compare the idea underlying “The World of the Unborn” in _Erewhon_. {26} The two chapters entitled “The Rights of Animals” and “The Rights of Vegetables” appeared first in the new and revised edition of _Erewhon_ 1901 and form part of the additions referred to in the preface to that book. {30} On the Alps It is reported thou didst eat strange flesh, Which some did die to look on: and all this— It wounds thine honour that I speak it now— Was borne so like a soldier, that thy cheek So much as lank’d not.—_Ant. & Cleop._, I. iv. 66–71. {31} _Walks in the Regions of Science and Faith_, by Harvey Goodwin, D.D., Lord Bishop of Carlisle. John Murray, 1883. {32a} This quotation occurs on the title page of _Charles Dickens and Rochester_ by Robert Langton. Chapman & Hall, 1880. Reprinted with additions from the Papers of the Manchester Literary Club, Vol. VI, 1880. But the italics are Butler’s. {32b} This is Butler’s note as he left it. He made it just about the time he hit upon the theory that the _Odyssey_ was written by a woman. If it had caught his eye after that theory had become established in his mind, he would have edited it so as to avoid speaking of Homer as the author of the poem. {41} _Life and Habit_ is dated 1878, but it actually appeared on Butler’s birthday, 4th December, 1877. {92} The five notes here amalgamated together into “Croesus and his Kitchen-Maid” were to have been part of an article for the _Universal Review_, but, before Butler wrote it, the review died. I suppose, but I do not now remember, that the article would have been about Mind and Matter or Organs and Tools, and, possibly, all the concluding notes of this group, beginning with “Our Cells,” would have been introduced as illustrations. {106} Cf. the note “Reproduction,” p. 16 ante. {107} _Evolution Old & New_, p. 77.