Seeds, sown as soon as possible after gathering. _D. binata_ is increased by cutting roots from strong plants into pieces of one-half or one inch in length, and placing them on the surface of shallow earthenware pans, in sandy peat soil, and covering about one-half inch deep with the same material. They are then placed under a bell-glass, and transferred to a damp, warm propagating house. =Drosophyllum.= _Droseraceæ._ Propagated by seed. =Dutchman's Pipe.= See Aristolochia. =Duvaua.= _Anacardiaceæ._ Insert cuttings made of the ripe wood under glass, in gentle heat. =Dyckia.= _Bromeliaceæ._ Propagated by seeds, suckers and divisions. =Eccremocarpus= (Calampelis). _Bignoniaceæ._ Seeds, sown in spring, in a gentle heat. Cuttings may be used, of green or ripe wood. =Echeveria.= See Cotyledon. =Echinacea.= _Compositæ._ Readily propagated by seeds and division. =Echinocactus.= See Cactus. =Echinops=, Echinanthus (Globe Thistle). _Compositæ._ Sow the seeds in spring for the propagation of the biennials, and divide the perennials early. Also by root-cuttings. =Echium= (Viper's Bugloss). _Boragineæ._ The herbaceous species are raised from seeds. Also increased by divisions. The shrubby sorts are increased more readily by layers, but also by cuttings, placed in sandy soil under glass. =Edelweiss.= See Leontopodium. =Edgeworthia.= _Thymelæaceæ._ Cuttings should be inserted in sandy soil, under glass in spring. =Edwandria.= _Leguminosæ._ By seeds or cuttings of the young wood. =Egg-Plant= (_Solanum Melongena_). _Solanaceæ._ Seeds in heat, in late winter or spring. Cuttings rarely. =Eglantine.= See Rosa. =Ehretia.= _Boragineæ._ Place cuttings in sandy soil under glass in bottom heat, in spring. =Eichhornia.= _Pontederiaceæ._ Propagation is effected by division in spring; seeds. =Elæagnus= (Oleaster, Wild Olive, Goumi). _Elæagnaceæ._ Increased by seeds, layers or cuttings. The named varieties are often grafted on the most vigorous varieties obtainable. Imported seeds of some species are apt to be empty. _E. longipes_ can readily be propagated by cuttings of the half-ripened wood in June and July, under glass. =Elæis= (Oil Palm). _Palmæ._ Seeds are used for propagation. =Elæocarpus=, including Monocera. _Tiliaceæ._ Seeds may be sown in a hot-bed. Make cuttings of ripened shoots, with leaves on, and place them in sandy soil, in bottom heat. =Elder.= See Sambucus. =Elecampane= (_Inula Helenium_). _Compositæ._ Propagated by seeds in open air in early spring. =Elliottia.= _Ericaceæ._ Insert soft wood cuttings in sand under glass. =Elm.= See Ulmus. =Elodea.= See Hypericum. =Empetrum= (Crowberry or Crakeberry). _Empetraceæ._ Seeds. In summer, cuttings may be made, and should be placed in sandy soil under glass.