=Fraxinella.= See Dictamnus. =Fraxinus= (Ash). _Oleaceæ._ Propagated chiefly by seeds, which should be stratified. The named sorts are budded upon seedling stocks if the sorts are upright growers, or top-grafted if they are weepers. Both the European and American species are used for stocks. =Freesia.= _Irideæ._ Increased readily by seed, sown as soon as ripe in pots of light, sandy soil, and placed in a sunny position, in a cool frame. By bulbels. =Fremontia.= _Malvaceæ._ Seeds may be used; or cuttings, in spring, may be struck under a hand-glass. =French Bean= (Varieties of _Phaseolus vulgaris_ and _P. nanus_). _Leguminosæ._ Propagated by seeds. =Freycinetia.= _Pandaneæ._ Increased by offsets. =Fringe-tree.= See Chionanthus. =Fritillaria.= _Liliaceæ._ Seeds, sown as soon as ripe where the plants are to stand the first year. Bulbels and division. =Fuchsia= (Ladies' Ear Drop). _Onagrariæ._ Fuchsias grow readily from seeds, which should be sown as soon as ripe, and blooming plants ought to be obtained in eight or ten months. Cuttings of the young growth strike quickly and easily. Blooming plants of most sorts can be obtained in four or five months. =Fumaria= (Fumitory). _Papaveraceæ._ Propagated by seeds. =Funkia=, Hosta (Plantain Lily, White Day Lily). _Liliaceæ._ Propagation is effected by dividing the stools during the early autumn, or when they begin to start in spring. Only strong, healthy clumps should be divided, and each portion should contain several crowns. =Furze.= See Ulex. =Gaillardia.= _Compositæ._ The annual sorts are propagated by seeds started under glass; the perennial kinds by seeds, cuttings or division. Sometimes root-cuttings are used. =Galanthus= (Snowdrop). _Amaryllideæ._ Commonly by bulbels. Rarely by seeds. =Galax=, Erythrorhiza, Solonandra. _Diapensiaceæ._ Propagated by divisions of strong clumps in autumn. =Galega= (Goat's Rue). _Leguminosæ._ Seeds, in spring; also by division. =Galtonia.= _Liliaceæ._ Increased by bulbels or seeds. =Garcinia=, Cambogia, Mangostana, Oxycarpus. _Guttiferæ._ Seeds. Cuttings of ripened shoots should be inserted in sand under a glass, in strong bottom heat. =Gardenia=, including Rothmannia. _Rubiaceæ._ Strong, healthy cuttings may be taken with a heel, early in the year being the best time, but any season will do when suitable cuttings can be secured. They should be placed in bottom heat of about 75°, in a frame. =Garlic= (_Allium sativum_). _Liliaceæ._ By "cloves" or divisions of the bulb. In the north these are planted in the spring, but in warm climates they may be planted in the fall. =Garrya=, including Fadyenia. _Cornaceæ._