The vine may be grafted with ease by any method. Cleft-grafting is commonly employed upon old plants. The cions are inserted on the crown of the plant, three or four inches below the surface of the ground. The cleft is bound with string and then covered with earth, no wax being necessary. Young plants are usually whip-grafted at the crown, either in-doors or out-doors. Grafting the vine is mostly confined to Europe, California, and other countries where the European grape (_Vitis vinifera_) is grown, as that species must be grafted upon some other stock in order to resist the phylloxera. The common wild frost-grape (_Vitis riparia_) is the most popular stock. The union in these cases must be two or three inches above the ground, to prevent the cion from taking root. The union is wound with waxed muslin, and the earth is heaped about it until it has healed. Grafting may be done out-doors in winter or spring. In the north, winter grafts are likely to be heaved by frosts, and late spring grafts, made as the leaves are pushing, are probably best. The vine is frequently inarched, and early in spring it can be budded by ordinary methods. Seed-grafting is a curious practice, which may be applied to the grape (see page 90). =Grape Hyacinth.= See Muscari. =Graptophyllum=, Earlia. _Acanthaceæ._ Seeds. Increased by cuttings of rather firm young shoots placed in a frame with some heat. =Gratiola=, Sophronanthe (Hedge Hyssop). _Scrophularineæ._ Seeds. Propagated readily by dividing the roots in spring. =Grevillea.= _Proteaceæ._ Propagated by seeds, sown under glass in February; also by cuttings of half-ripened wood. =Grewia=, Chadara, Mallococca. _Tiliaceæ._ Seeds. Cuttings may be struck in sand under glass, with heat. =Grindelia.= _Compositæ._ Seeds, sown in the border or under a frame. Divisions. Cuttings. =Ground-Cherry.= See Physalis. =Ground-Nut.= See Apios; also Pea-nut. =Groundsel.= See Senecio. =Guaiacum.= _Zygophylleæ._ Ripened cuttings in spring, under a hand-glass, in heat. =Guava= (_Psidium_, several species). _Myrtaceæ._ The guavas grow readily from seeds, and plants will often bloom when a year and a half old. They may also be multiplied by layers, and by cuttings either under glass or in the open. =Guelder Rose.= See Viburnum. =Guernsey Lily.= See Nerine. =Gumbo.= See Hibiscus. =Gum, Sweet.= See Liquidambar. =Gum-tree.= See Eucalyptus. =Gunnera.= _Halorageæ._ Propagated by division. It is very difficult to raise from seed. =Gustavia=, Pirigara. _Myrtaceæ._ Cuttings, made of ripened shoots and handled in a frame. =Gymnema.= _Asclepiadeæ._ Make cuttings of firm side shoots in spring, and place in a frame. =Gymnocladus= (Kentucky Coffee-tree). _Leguminosæ._