Cuttings.--This method is available for those kinds with long, jointed stems, like dendrobium and epidendrum. Just before the plants commence to grow, say in February, the old pseudo-bulbs are cut up into lengths, and laid on a moist, warm surface, such as on a pan of moss in a propagating frame. Young offshoots will shortly appear at the nodes, and when large enough are potted off with the old piece attached. This plan may be used also for barkeria and microstylis. It is well to remember that in any method of propagation where the pseudo-bulb is divided, the vigor of the young plant is proportionate to the amount of reserve material supplied it. However suitable the external conditions may be for growth, it is for some time entirely dependent for sustenance on the old piece from which it springs. _Dendrobium Phalænopsis_ is a case in point. If a pseudo-bulb is cut into say three pieces, it will take at least two years for the young plants to reach flowering strength, but frequently by using the entire pseudo-bulb, we can get in a single year a growth quite as large as the old one. The treatment of young orchids should be founded on what suits the parents. As a rule, however, they require more careful nursing, and some of the conditions must be modified. Drought, intense light and cold draughts must be avoided. For many orchids, especially those from equatorial regions, where the atmospheric conditions alternate between saturation and intense heat and dryness, it is necessary, in order to induce flowering, that nature, to some extent at least, should be imitated. With young plants, by whatever method they may be obtained, the supply of water must only be reduced in accordance with the weather and season, and beyond that, no attempt at resting made. In cases, however, where plants have been divided or made into cuttings, a very limited supply of water is needed at first; but to prevent exhaustion, the atmosphere should always be kept laden with moisture. =Oreopanax.= _Araliaceæ._ Seeds, and cuttings of the young shoots, or division of well established plants. =Ornithogalum= (Star of Bethlehem). _Liliaceæ._ Seeds. Commonly by bulbels, and by division of the clumps. =Ornus.= See Fraxinus. =Orobus= (Bitter Vetch). _Leguminosæ._ Readily propagated by seeds, or by dividing the tufts. =Orontium.= _Aroideæ._ Commonly increased by division, but seeds may be used. =Orpine.= See Sedum. =Osage Orange.= See Maclura. =Osier.= See Salix and Cornus. =Osmanthus= (Japan Holly). _Oleaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings under glass, or by grafting on osmanthus stock, or on privet. =Osmunda= (Flowering Fern). _Filices._ Mostly by division; sometimes by spores. See Ferns. =Ostrya= (Hop Hornbeam, Ironwood). _Cupuliferæ._