=Rampion= (_Campanula Rapunculus_). _Campanulaceæ._ Seeds, where the plants are to stand. =Ranunculus= (Buttercup, Crowfoot). _Ranunculaceæ._ Propagated by seeds and by divisions. =Raphia.= _Palmæ._ Seeds. =Raphiolepis.= _Rosaceæ._ Increased by seeds, and by cuttings of the growing shoots inserted under cover. =Raspberry= (_Rubus neglectus_, _strigosus_ and _occidentalis_). _Rosaceæ._ New varieties are obtained from seeds, which are washed from the pulp and sown immediately, or stratified. The black-cap varieties are grown mostly from root-tips (Fig. 18) as described on page 32. If the ground is loose and mellow, the tips will commonly take root themselves, but upon hard ground the tip may have to be held in place by a stone or clod. Some strong-growing varieties, like the Gregg, especially in windy localities, may have to be held down. The red varieties increase rapidly by means of suckers which spring up from the roots. Better plants are obtained by means of root-cuttings, however, as described under Blackberry (see also Fig. 46). Black-caps may be increased by root-cuttings. These cuttings are best handled in warm cold-frames or mild hot-beds, being planted very early in spring. By the time the weather is settled, they will be large enough to plant in nursery rows. =Red-bud.= See Cercis. =Red Cedar.= See Juniperus. =Reinwardtia=, Linum in part, of gardeners. _Lineæ._ Seeds. Cuttings of strong shoots in heat. =Renanthera.= See Ærides. =Reseda= (Mignonette). _Resedaceæ._ Seeds. For winter flowering, seeds are sown in July. Also grown from cuttings. =Retinospora=, Chamæcyparis (Japanese Arbor-Vitæ). _Coniferæ._