Propagated by seeds, sown as soon as ripe, in pots placed in cold-frames. Also by suckers. =Adenostoma.= _Rosaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings of the young shoots, placed in sand, under glass, in spring or autumn. =Adenotrichia.= See Senecio. =Adesmia.= _Leguminosæ._ Seeds. Cuttings should be placed in sand, covered by a hand-glass, in a gentle heat. =Adhatoda.= See Justicia. =Adiantum.= See Ferns. =Adike.= See Pilea. =Adina.= _Rubiaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings placed in rich, loamy soil, under a hand-glass, in heat. =Adlumia= (Mountain Fringe). _Fumariaceæ._ Propagated by seeds. The plant is a biennial, blooming the second season only. =Adonis.= _Ranunculaceæ._ Propagated by seeds. The perennials may be divided at the root. =Ægiphila.= _Verbenaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings, which will root in sand, under a glass, with bottom heat. =Ægle= (Bengal Quince). _Rutaceæ._ Propagated by ripe cuttings, which will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat, if not deprived of any of their leaves. =Æolanthus.= _Labiatæ._ Increased by seeds. =Æonium.= See Sempervivum. =Ærides.= _Orchideæ._ The only method of propagating this genus is by removing the upper portion and planting it separately. It should always be severed low enough to include a few roots, otherwise a large proportion of leaves will be lost. A somewhat dense shade, a moist atmosphere and careful watering are essential until the young plant is established. The old stool will soon send out lateral growths, which, in time, may be separated and treated similarly. Vanda, Saccolabium, Angræcum, Renanthera are increased in the same way. (See under Orchids.) =Æschynanthus.= _Gesneraceæ._ Propagated by seeds, which are very unsatisfactory. By cuttings, which root freely in a well-drained pot, filled with a light compost, and having a surface of pure white sand, about one inch deep, during spring. The best are obtained from half-ripened wood, cut into two or three inch lengths, and all leaves, with the exception of one or two at the top, removed. Cover the cuttings with a bell-glass, and place in moderate bottom heat. When rooted, transfer singly to small pots, place under hand-glasses, until thoroughly established, then gradually harden off. =Æschynomene.= _Leguminosæ._ Propagated seeds, those of the herbaceous species requiring a good heat to start them into growth. By cuttings, placed in sand under a bell-glass, in a brisk heat. =Æsculus= (Horse Chestnut, Buckeye). _Sapindaceæ._ Propagated by stratified seeds sown in single rows in spring, and by layers made in the spring or fall; or by grafting or budding on the common horse chestnut or native buckeyes, usually under glass. =Æthionema.= _Cruciferæ._