Increased by seeds which should be sown as soon as ripe, in light soil, in a cool house. Here they will germinate the following spring, and will be fit to plant out in the summer of the same year. Also by offsets. =Anthospermum= (Amber Tree). _Rubiaceæ._ Increased by cuttings, inserted in sand under a bell-glass. =Anthurium.= _Aroideæ._ Propagated by seeds sown as soon as ripe in shallow well-drained pans or pots filled with a compost of peat, loam, moss, broken crocks or charcoal and clean sand. Cover lightly and place in a close, moist propagating case, where a temperature of 75° to 85° is maintained; or the pots may be covered with bell-glasses. Keep the soil in a uniformly moist condition. Also increased by divisions, which should be made in January. =Anthyllis= (Kidney Vetch). _Leguminosæ._ Herbaceous perennials increased by seeds or cuttings. The cuttings of most species will root in a pot of sandy soil, with a bell-glass over them, in a cool house or frame. Seed of the annuals should be sown in a warm dry place in the open ground. =Anticlea.= See Zygadenus. =Antirrhinum= (Snapdragon). _Scrophularineæ._ Increased by seeds sown in early spring or mid-summer; by cuttings, which should be taken in September when they will readily root in a cold-frame, or under a hand-glass. =Aotus.= _Leguminosæ._ Increased by seeds. In April or September by cuttings of half-ripened wood, inserted in sand under a bell-glass. =Apeiba.= _Tiliaceæ._ Propagated by well-ripened cuttings planted in sand in heat, under a bell-glass, which should be tilted occasionally to give air. =Aphelandra.= _Acanthaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings from half-ripened wood taken off with a heel. Cut the base of each clean across; insert an inch apart in pots of sandy soil, and plunge in a brisk bottom heat. =Aphelexis.= _Compositæ._ Increased by seeds. Also by cuttings made in spring or summer; small half-ripened side shoots are the best; and these will root in sandy soil, under a bell-glass, in a cool greenhouse. =Aphyllanthes.= _Liliaceæ._ Increased by seeds, which should be sown as soon as ripe in pots in a cool greenhouse. Divisions are also made. =Apios.= _Leguminosæ._ Propagated by the tubers or divisions of them. =Aplectrum= (Putty-Root). _Orchideæ._ Increased by the bulb-like subterranean tubers; also by seeds. A difficult plant to grow. =Aplotaxis.= See Saussurea. =Apocynum= (Dog's Bane). _Apocynaceæ._ Propagated by seeds, suckers and divisions. The best time to divide is just as the plants are starting into growth in spring. =Aponogeton.= _Naiadaceæ._ Increased rapidly by seeds and offsets. The seeds should be sown as soon as ripe, in pots buried in loam, and covered with glass. =Apple= (_Pyrus Malus_). _Rosaceæ._