Propagated by seeds sown when ripe in a cool house, or layering in autumn. By cuttings, and by grafting on the dogwood. =Benzoin= (_Lindera Benzoin_) _Laurineæ._ Seed. =Berardia.= _Compositæ._ Increased by seeds sown in spring. =Berberidopsis.= _Berberideæ._ Propagated by seeds in spring, by layering in autumn, or by young cuttings in spring. =Berberis.= See Barberry. =Berchemia.= _Rhamneæ._ Propagated by layering the young shoots. By ripened cuttings, and slips of the root planted under a hand-glass. =Bergera.= _Rutaceæ._ Increased by layers or by ripened cuttings, which should be taken off at a joint and placed in sand under a hand-glass in bottom heat. =Berkheya.= _Compositæ._ The herbaceous perennials usually by divisions of the plant in spring; the other species by cuttings placed under a glass. =Bertolonia.= _Melastomaceæ._ Propagated by seeds and cuttings. =Berzelia.= _Bruniaceæ._ Increased by young cuttings inserted in sand under a bell-glass, in gentle heat. =Besleria=, Eriphia. _Gesneraceæ._ Increased by cuttings placed in heat. =Bessera.= _Liliaceæ._ Propagated by offsets. =Betonica.= See Stachys. =Betula= (Birch). _Cupuliferæ._ Increased by seeds, which must be sown as soon as gathered, or else stratified. By grafting or budding upon seedling stocks of the common kinds; the former should be done in spring or late winter, and the latter in summer when the buds are ready. =Bidens= (Bur Marigold). _Compositæ._ Propagated by seeds or by divisions of the plant. =Biebersteinia.= _Rutaceæ._ Increased by seeds sown in April in a slight hot-bed. In early summer by cuttings, placed under a hand-glass. =Bigelovia.= _Compositæ._ Propagated by cuttings. =Bignonia= (Trumpet Flower). _Bignoniaceæ._ Increased by seeds or layering, or, in early spring, by cuttings made from good strong shoots with two or three joints. Place cuttings of tender sorts in a well-drained pot of sandy soil, under a bell-glass, in bottom heat. Also by seeds. _B. radicans_ propagates readily from root-cuttings. =Billardiera= (Apple Berry). _Pittosporeæ._ Increased by seeds, and by cuttings placed in a pot of sandy soil, under a bell-glass, in gentle heat. =Billbergia.= _Bromeliaceæ._