Increased by seeds, or by divisions of the roots in spring. =Buttercup.= See Ranunculus. =Butternut.= See Juglans. =Butterwort.= See Pinguicula. =Button-wood.= See Platanus. =Buxus= (Box Tree). _Euphorbiaceæ._ Propagated by seeds sown as soon as ripe, in any light, well-drained soil. They can be increased by suckers and divisions; by layers of young or old wood, made in autumn or early spring; by cuttings made of the young shoots, from four to six inches in length, in a sandy place in spring or fall. The latter method is the better way in this country, and in the north the cuttings should be handled under glass. =Byrsonima.= _Malpighiaceæ._ Increased by cuttings of half-ripened shoots in sand under a hand-glass, in moist bottom heat. =Cabbage= (_Brassica oleracea_, and vars.). _Cruciferæ._ Seeds. They may be sown in the open ground in spring, or in the fall and the young plants wintered in a cold-frame, or in a hot-bed or forcing-house in late winter and spring. Brussels sprouts, broccoli and cauliflower are treated in the same manner. =Cabbage Palm.= See Areca. =Cabomba.= _Nymphæaceæ._ Propagated by root divisions. =Cacalia.= See Senecio. =Cacao.= See Theobroma. =Cactus.= _Cacteæ._ Propagation by seeds is not often adopted, as it is a very slow method. The seeds should be sown in very sandy soil, and placed in a semi-shady position until germination commences, when they may be exposed and very carefully watered. Usually propagated by cuttings or offsets, which should be made with a sharp cut, and laid upon a sunny shelf or on dry sand until the wound is healed and roots emitted, when they should be potted in sandy soil. Place with the others, and keep syringed. Grafting is resorted to with weak kinds, which will not grow freely except upon the stock of a stronger species; and by this means, also, such kinds can be kept from the damp soil, which frequently causes decay. The stocks usually employed are those of _Cereus tortuosus_, _C. peruvianus_, _Pereskia aculeata_, etc., according to the species intended for working; they readily unite with each other. If the scion and stock are both slender, cleft-grafting should be adopted; if both are broad it is best to make horizontal sections, placing them together and securing in proper position by tying with matting, but not too tightly, or the surface may be injured. =Cæsalpinia.= _Leguminosæ._ Increased by cuttings, which are somewhat difficult to root, but may succeed if taken from the plant in a growing state and planted in sand with a hand-glass over them, in heat. =Cajanus.= _Leguminosæ._ Plants are usually raised from seeds obtained from the West Indian Islands and India. Also grown from young cuttings, put in sand with a hand-glass over them, in heat.