The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
The Hydras have no lungs, no liver, no intestines, no nervous system, no
heart. They have no organ of the senses, except those which exist in the
mouth and the skin. The arms or branches are hollow internally, and
communicate with the stomach. They are provided with vibratile cells,
furnished with a great number of tuberosities disposed spirally, and
containing in their interior a number of capsules provided each with a
sort of fillet. These threads, which are of extreme tenacity, are thrown
out when the animal is irritated by contact with any strange body. We
may see these filaments wrapping themselves round their prey, sometimes
even penetrating its substance, and effectually subduing the enemy. The
green Hydra has thus a very simple organisation. Nevertheless, it would
be a mistake to say the animal was imperfect, for it possesses
everything necessary for its nourishment and for the propagation of its
species.
[Illustration: Fig. 87. Hydra viridis (Trembley). 1. Hydra magnified,
bearing an embryo ready to detach itself. 2. Animal, natural size. 3.
Bud much magnified. 4. Bud, natural size.]
There are learned men who have composed hundreds of volumes, who have
published whole libraries--naturalists and physicists who have written
more than Voltaire ever penned, but whose names are utterly forgotten.
On the other hand, there are some who have left only two or three
monograms, and yet their names will live for ever. Of this number is the
Genevois, A. Trembley. This writer published in 1744 a "Memoir on the
Fresh-water Polyps." In this little work he recorded his observations
on some of these animals of smallest dimensions. He limited himself even
to two sets of experiments: he turned the fresh-water polyp outside in,
and he multiplied it by cutting it up. These experiments upon this
little creature, which few persons had seen, have sufficed to secure
immortality to his name. Trembley was tutor to the two sons of Count de
Bentinck. He made his observations at the country-house of the Dutch
nobleman, and he had, as he assures us, "frequent occasion to satisfy
himself, in the case of his two pupils, that we can even in infancy
taste the pleasures derivable from the studies of Nature!" Let us hope
that this thought, uttered by a celebrated naturalist, who spoke only
from what he knew himself, may remain engraved on the minds of our
younger readers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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