The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
We shall only say a few words on the first mode of reproduction. The
eggs, according to Ehrenberg, come to maturity in the _H. viridis_ at
the base of the feet, where the visceral cavity terminates. They are
carried during seven or eight days, and determine by their fall the
death of the animal. When the Hydra has laid its eggs, according to M.
Laurent, it gradually lowers itself until it covers them with half its
body, which, spreading out and getting proportionably thin, passes into
the condition of a horny substance, that glues the eggs disposed in a
circle round the body to plants and other foreign substances. She ends
her career by dying in the midst of her ova.
Trembley has studied with great care the mode of reproduction by
budding--a process which seems to prevail in the summer months. The buds
which are to form the young polyp appear on the surface of the body as
little spherical excrescences terminating in a point. A few steps
further towards maturity, and it assumes a conical and finally a
cylindrical form. The arms now begin to push out at the anterior
extremity of the young animal; the posterior extremity by which it is
attached to the mother contracting by degrees, until it appears only to
touch her at one point. Finally, the separation is effected, the mother
and the young acting in concert to produce the entrance of this
interesting young polyp into the world. Each of them take with their
head and arms a strong point of support upon some neighbouring body; and
a small effort suffices to procure the separation: sometimes the mother
charges herself with the effort, sometimes the young, and often both.
When the young polyp is separated from the mother, it swims about, and
executes all the movements peculiar to adult animals. The entrance into
life and maturity takes place with these beings at one and the same
moment. Infancy and youth are suppressed in this little world.
So long as the young polyp remains attached to the mother, she is the
nurse; by a touching change, the young polyp nurses her in his turn. In
short, the stomach of the mother and her young have communication; so
that the prey swallowed by the parent passes partially into the stomach
of her progeny. On the other hand, while still attached to the mother,
the little ones seize the prey, which they share in their turn with
their parent by means of the communication Nature has arranged between
the two organisms.
In the course of his experiments Trembley states another fact still more
remarkable.
Upon a young polyp still attached to its parent he observed a new polyp
or polypule, and upon this unborn creature was another individual. Thus
three generations were appended to the parent, who carried at once her
child, her grandchild, and great-grandchild.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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