The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
Without entering further into the details of their delicate and
complicated structure, we shall pause briefly on their mode of
reproduction. We shall find here physiological phenomena so remarkable
as to appear incredible, had not the researches of modern naturalists
placed the facts beyond all doubt. "Which of us," says M. de
Quatrefages, "would not proclaim the prodigy, if he saw a reptile issue
from an egg laid in his court-yard, which afterwards gave birth to an
indefinite number of fishes and birds? Well, the generation of the
Medusæ is at least as marvellous as the fact which we have imagined."
Let us note, for example, what takes place with the Rose Aurelia, a
beautiful Medusa, of a pale rose colour, with nearly hemispherical disk,
from four to five inches in diameter, whose edge is furnished with short
russet-brown tentacles; taking for our guide the eloquent and learned
author of the "Metamorphosis in Men and Animals," M. de Quatrefages.
The Medusa, designated under the name of Rose Aurelia, lays eggs which
are characterised by the existence of three concentric spheres. These
eggs are transformed into oval larvæ, covered with vibratile cells,
having a slight depression in front. They swim about for a short time
with great activity, much like the infusoria, which they strikingly
resemble in other respects.
At the end of forty-eight hours the movements decrease. Aided by the
depression already noted, the larvæ attaches itself to some solid body,
fixing itself to it at this point by the assistance of a thick mucous
matter. A change of form soon takes place: it becomes elongated; its
pedicle is contracted, and its free extremity swells into a club-like
shape. An opening soon presents itself in the centre of this extremity,
through which an internal cavity appears. Four little mammals have now
appeared on the edge, which are elongated in the manner of arms. Others
soon follow: these are the tentacles of a polyp: the young infusoria has
become a polyp!
The polyp increases by buds and shoots, just like a strawberry plant,
which throws out its slender stems in all directions, covering all the
neighbouring ground.
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