The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
number attached the animal turns itself round. It is not impossible,
whilst walking on the sea-shore, to have the pleasure of seeing one of
these star-fishes walking upon the sand. A day rarely passes without one
of them being thrown upon the strand by the tide, and then abandoned by
the retreating waters. Generally they are left dead; this is not always
the case, however; they are sometimes only benumbed. Place them in a
vase full of sea-water, or simply in a pool on the shore, and you will
sometimes see them recover from this death-like condition, and execute
the curious movements of progression which we have described." The
motions of an Asterias thus saved form a very curious spectacle.
The mouth of this animal is situated on the lower surface of the disk.
At this point the constitutive pieces of the carapace leave a circular
space, covered by a fibrous resistant membrane, pierced at the centre by
a rounded opening. This opening is sometimes armed with hard papillæ,
which play the part of teeth. The mouth almost directly abuts on the
stomach, which is merely a globular sac, filling nearly all the central
portion of the visceral cavity.
"Thus," says Mr. Milne Edwards, "in _Asteracanthion glacialis_ the
stomach is globulous, but imperfectly divided into two parts by a fold
of its internal membrane; the first chamber, thus limited, appears to be
more especially devoted to the transformation of the elementary matter
into a liquid paste, which passes, in small portions, into the upper
chamber. This is continued upward through a small intestine, and
communicates laterally with five cylindrical prolongations, which each
divide themselves again into two much elongated tubes, furnished with a
double series of hollow branches, each terminating in a cul-de-sac."
These organs advance into the interior of the rays or arms of the
Asterias.
Imagine, then, an animal bearing digestive tubes in its arms--the same
organ serving for digestion and progression. What lessons in economy
does not the study of nature teach us! The products of digestion find an
absorbent surface of great extent in the rays of the Asterias. They
ought necessarily to pass rapidly from it into the circumjacent
nourishing fluid.
The star-fishes are very voracious; they even attack mollusks which are
covered with shells. M. Pouchett mentions having taken eighteen
specimens of _Venus_ intact, each being six lines in length, from the
stomach of one large Asterias which he dissected upon the shores of the
Mediterranean. It is now even said that the star-fishes eat many
oysters.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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