The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
The shell, seen on the side, presents an irregularly triangular form; it
is nearly as broad as it is long; its two valves are solidly attached
the one to the other, above and below, by the mantle in such a manner as
only to permit of very slight movements. It is coloured in yellow and
brown lines; sometimes it is quite plain. On the upper edge of the
anterior truncature of the body of the animal is the mouth, a sort of
funnel, flat and slightly bell-shaped, furnished with four labial palpi,
a stomach without any peculiar feature, and a well-developed intestine.
[Illustration: Fig. 129. Teredo navalis (Linnæus).]
The heart consists of two auricles and a ventricle, which beat at very
irregular intervals, four or five in the minute. The blood is
colourless, transparent, and charged with small irregular corpuscles.
The act of breathing is accomplished in the branchiæ, or gills, and
mantle. Nevertheless, the one half of the blood returns to the heart
without passing through these branchiæ.
The nervous system is well developed, and consists of a brain, nervous
filaments, and of ganglions, which are distributed in the mantle, the
branchiæ, and the syphon tubes.
The adult animal is surrounded by a sort of sheath, consisting of a
solid mucus, which has sometimes been described erroneously as forming
part of the animal. The Teredo, shut up in this tube, is limited in its
movements; when observed in a vase, its motions are slow and
deliberate--movements of extension and contraction, by the aid of which
it contrives with difficulty to change its place; but nothing indicates
a true creeping movement. In a state of nature, according to M.
Quatrefages, the body of the animal is stretched out to three times its
length without diminishing in any respect its proportional thickness;
the afflux of water penetrating under the mantle, and of the blood which
accumulates in the interior vessels, sufficiently accounting for a
phenomenon which at the first glance is very singular.
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