The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
The genus _Bulla_ differs materially from the Aplysiæ. They have a
well-developed shell, the form of which is elegant; they are delicate in
structure; their brilliant colours, consisting of red, black, or white
bands, separated by many varied tints, cause these little molluscs to be
much sought after for ornamental collections. The shell itself is oval
or globulous, rolled up in a scroll, smooth, spotted, very thin and
fragile, with a concave spiral, umbilicate, open in all its length, with
a straight, wide, and cutting edge.
[Illustration: Figs. 183 and 184. Bulla ampulla (Linnæus).]
Obtuse at its two extremities, neither the head of the animal nor the
tentacles are very apparent. The gills are placed under the back, a
little to the right and behind; its stomach, which alone fills a great
part of the cavity of the body, presents the peculiarity, already noted
in the Aplysia, of being furnished with bony pieces, evidently intended
to grind the food.
[Illustration: Fig. 185. Bulla oblonga (Adams).]
[Illustration: Fig. 186. Bulla aspersa (Adams).]
[Illustration: Fig. 187. Bulla nebulosa (Gould).]
The Bullæ can swim with facility in deep water, but they evidently
prefer the shallows and a sandy bottom, feeding upon smaller molluscs.
They are found in every sea, but they abound chiefly in the Indian Ocean
and Oceania. Some species, however, such as _Bulla ampulla_ (Figs. 183
and 184), the shell of which is shaded grey and brown, and the
Water-drop (_Bulla hydratis_), inhabit European seas. _Bulla oblonga_
and _Bulla aspersa_ (Adams), and _Bulla nebulosa_ (Gould), represented
in Figs. 185, 186, and 187, are also well-known species.
We take leave of our little friends the Headless Mollusca or _Acephalæ_,
and direct our attention to those molluscs to which Nature has been more
generous, and furnished with a head. This head, however, is still
carried humbly; it is not yet _os sublime dedit_; it is drawn along an
inch or so from the ground, and in no respect resembles the proud and
magnificent organ which crowns and adorns the body of the greater and
more perfectly organized animals.
The organization of the Cephalous Mollusca present three principal
types, which has led to their being divided into three classes, after
their more salient characteristics of form and locomotive apparatus;
namely, _Gasteropoda_, _Pteropoda_, and _Cephalopoda_.
In the class _Gasteropoda_ (from γαστὴρ, _belly_, ποῦϛ,
gen.ποδὸϛ, _foot_) the locomotive apparatus consists of a
flattened muscular disk, placed under the belly of the animal, aided
by which it creeps. The Snail (_Helix_), the Slug (_Limax_), and the
Cowrie, (_Cyprea_), are types of this class.
In the _Pteropoda_, from πτερὸν, _wing_, and ποῦϛ, _foot_, the
locomotive apparatus assumes the form of wings, or membranous
swimming-fins, placed on each side of the neck. The _Hyalea_ and _Clio_
are types of this class.
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