Before leaving Pisco, San Martin sent General Arenales at the head of a thousand men in the direction of Huamanga; they were received at Ica and Huamanga with enthusiastic support, and continued their march to Huancavelica, Huancayo, and Tarma. The viceroy sent troops to stop Arenales’s progress, and the opposing forces met near Cerro de Pasco, the patriots gaining the battle, in which the royalist general O’Reilly and Colonel Santa Cruz were captured, as well as four hundred soldiers, who were added to the patriots’ ranks. General O’Reilly received permission from San Martin to return to Spain, but committed suicide by jumping into the sea, rather than live under the shame of defeat; Colonel Andrés Santa Cruz accepted service in the patriot army, and was afterward president of the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation. Arenales’s campaign was notable for its influence in winning recruits to the cause of independence among the inhabitants of the sierra, who were greatly impressed by the conduct of the troops, especially their respect for property and human life, which had been ruthlessly sacrificed by the royalist armies. The first point of disembarkation made by General San Martin after leaving Pisco was Ancón, to the north of Lima, where he received word that Guayaquil had declared its adhesion to the Ejercito Libertador. In the meantime, many Peruvian patriots had joined San Martin’s army. A young soldier named Vidal became conspicuous for his zeal and energy and was promoted to a captaincy for valuable services at this time. Admiral Cochrane was busily preparing to seize the Spanish frigate _Esmeralda_ in the port of Callao, and on the 6th of November, at midnight, he perfected his plans, organizing the squadron into two divisions, each of which advanced on the frigate from opposite directions; the Spaniards made a heroic resistance but to no avail, as the prize was captured and carried off to Ancón. This was one of the most daring and brilliant episodes of the campaign. Soon afterward, General San Martin removed his army from Ancón to Huaura, near the port of Huacho, about one hundred miles north of Ancón. Everywhere he was welcomed by the patriots, whose number increased daily. The adhesion of Trujillo was secured through the Intendente, the Marquis de Torre-Tagle, his _pronunciamiento_, which was issued on the 29th of December, 1820, gaining for the patriot cause all the provinces of his jurisdiction, which included Lambayeque, Cajamarca, and Piura. Meantime, Arenales was making uninterrupted progress through the interior, the patriotic Huánuco having issued its _pronunciamiento_ in favor of the cause immediately after the victory of Cerro de Pasco. In Lima, the viceroy was losing all control of affairs; the royalist battalion “Numancia,” six hundred strong, joined the Liberator’s army; the very secretaries of Pezuela were coöperating with the patriots; and public opinion was divided only between admiration for the Liberator and