The army consists of six battalions of infantry; a regiment of mountain artillery, a group of field artillery, and a group of artillery of sappers and miners; and six squadrons of cavalry, including the president’s escort. The various auxiliary corps include the general commissary of the army, the ordnance store, the military health department, and a supreme military and naval council. The infantry arms are Mauser rifles of seventy-five millimeters calibre; the cavalry and mountain artillery carry the carbine of the same model, the artillery having also field batteries formed of the latest Schneider-Canet guns. Military service is obligatory on all Peruvians between nineteen and fifty years of age, excepting directors of public schools, college professors and all who hold a diploma, exercising a liberal profession. The organization of the reserves and their mobilization is regulated by the establishment in each Department of battalions of sappers, consisting of four hundred and forty-eight men, and, in eleven Departments, of cavalry squadrons of one hundred and sixty-nine men. Peruvians from thirty-five to fifty years of age form the national guard. By the well-regulated system of conscription in force, Peru will have in a few years, in addition to its well-drilled army, a host of instructed reserves, requiring only a few drills to transform them into able soldiers. The republic is divided into four military zones, the capitals being Piura in the northern, Lima in the central, Arequipa in the southern, and Iquitos in the eastern zone. These districts are subdivided into eleven commands, composed of twenty-two departments and colonies. Under the direction of the army authorities, troops of mounted police, numbering two thousand two hundred men, serve in each department. The navy, which, like the army, is a dependency of the War Office, has now three cruisers and three transports, and its reconstruction has been accompanied by the organization of a Naval School, under the direction of an officer of the French Navy. In this institution students are given the professional, theoretical, and military instruction necessary to qualify them as midshipmen, three years’ service qualifying for the rank of sub-lieutenant. On board the training ship _Constitucion_, civil, professional, naval, and military instruction is provided, after which the _practicante_ passes to the vessels of the squadron, wherein he serves for five years. At present three Peruvian midshipmen are completing their practical instruction on board United States warships, and seven are gaining experience in the Royal Spanish Navy. [Illustration: MR. ROOT AT THE NATIONAL CLUB, LIMA.]