The constitutional province of Callao was created by a decree of the supreme government in 1836, the name “constitutional” being bestowed by law in 1857, in remembrance of various occasions when its people had defended the constitution of the State. The province extends from the Rimac River on the north to the Mar Brava on the south, and from the Pacific Ocean on the west to the haciendas Chacra Alta, Taboada, and La Legua on the east. It includes the city of Callao, the wards, or _barrios_, of Bella Vista and La Punta, and the islands of San Lorenzo, Fronton, Palominos, Hormigos de Afuera, and neighboring rocks. The province is governed by a prefect, an intendant of police, commissaries and governors. Bella Vista and La Punta are under the authority of commissaries. The present population of Callao is thirty-five thousand, of which one-tenth are foreigners. Its chief industries are those connected with maritime traffic, though the city has also a number of factories and flour mills. The port is connected with the capital by telegraph and telephone systems, and with all the cities of the world by the Central and South American Telegraph Company, and the West Coast of America Telegraph Company. Most of the consular offices are located in Callao, which is within twenty minutes’ ride of Lima, on the electric car. A business man may reside at the capital without any inconvenience in getting to and from his office. The ride itself is a pleasant _paseo_, across open country, with agreeable scenes all the way. [Illustration: UNLOADING LUMBER AT CALLAO.] Bella Vista is situated a mile east of Callao, where it was founded after the earthquake of 1746, by order of the viceroy, the Count of Superunda. Here the ship-owners, who had charge of the coasting trade at that time, made their homes; and here were established warehouses for the storage of wheat purchased from Chile to supply the market of Lima and its neighborhood during the viceroyalty. These old buildings have now been replaced by modern storehouses. In 1834, the government of Peru ceded to the British Legation a piece of land for the purpose of a Protestant cemetery, and here many distinguished foreigners have been laid to rest. A mausoleum, erected by the Peruvian nation as a proof of gratitude to the hero of the Independence, marks the grave of General Miller, San Martin’s faithful follower. [Illustration: CALLAO HARBOR.]