W. S. Lindsay, "History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce," 4 vols. (1874-76). An English work, notably fair to the American marine, and considered authoritative. Douglas Owen, "Ocean Trade and Shipping" (1914). An English economist explains the machinery of maritime trade and commerce. William Wood, "All Afloat." In "The Chronicles of Canada Series." Glasgow, Brook and Co., Toronto, 1914. J. B. McMaster, "The Life and Times of Stephen Girard, Mariner and Merchant," 2 vols. (1918). The relation of governmental policy to the merchant marine is discussed by various writers: David A. Wells, "Our Merchant Marine: How It Rose, Increased, Became Great, Declined, and Decayed" (1882). A political treatise in defense of a protective policy. William A. Bates, "American Marine: The Shipping Question in History and Politics" (1892); "American Navigation: The Political History of Its Rise and Ruin" (1902). These works are statistical and highly technical, partly compiled from governmental reports, and are also frankly controversial. Henry Hall, "American Navigation, With Some Account of the Causes of Its Former Prosperity and Present Decline" (1878). Charles S. Hill, "History of American Shipping: Its Prestige, Decline, and Prospect" (1883). J. D. J. Kelley, "The Question of Ships: The Navy and the Merchant Marine" (1884). Arthur J. Maginnis, "The Atlantic Ferry: Its Ships, Men, and Working" (1900). A vast amount of information is to be found in the Congressional Report of the Merchant Marine Commission, published in three volumes (1905). End of Project Gutenberg's The Old Merchant Marine, by Ralph D. Paine