"Another scale, differing from those already noticed, (see Plate II., fig. 3, '_figure of an oblong tubercle plate traversed diagonally by lines, which, bisecting one another a little above the centre, resembles a St. Andrew's cross, and marked on the edges by faintly radiating lines_,') is about an inch and a quarter in length, and an inch in breadth. In external appearance it bears a very close resemblance to some of the scales on the common sturgeon, and may, with some probability, be referred to an extinct species of the genus _Accipenser_."--(_Cheek's Edinburgh Journal_, Feb. 1831, p. 85.) "Dr. Fleming, in 1830," says Dr. Anderson, "read before the Wernerian Society a notice 'on the occurrence of scales of vertebrated animals in the Old Red Sandstone of Fifeshire.' These organisms, as described by him, occurred in the Yellow Sandstone of Drumdryan and the Gray Sandstone of Parkhill. From the former locality scales of a fish were obtained.... The same paper (Professor Fleming's) contains a notice of similar scales in the Old Red Sandstone of Clashbennie, near Errol, in Perthshire, one of which is described as bearing 'a very close resemblance to some of the scales on the common sturgeon, and may with some probability be referred to an extinct species of the genus _Accipenser_.'"--(_Professor Jameson's Edin. New Phil. Journal_, Oct. 1837, p. 138.)] The deposit, too, abounds in teeth, various enough in their forms to indicate a corresponding variety of families and genera among the ichthyolites to which they belonged. Some are nearly straight, like those of the _Holoptychius_ of the Coal Measures; some are bent, like the beak of a hawk or eagle, into a hook-form; some incline first in one direction, and then in the opposite one, like nails that have been drawn out of a board by the carpenter at two several wrenches, and bent in opposite angles at each wrench; some are bulky and squat, some long and slender; and in almost all the varieties, whether curved or straight, squat or slim, the base is elegantly striated like the flutings of the column. In the splendid specimen found in the sandstones of the Findhorn, the tooth is still attached to a portion of the jaw, and shows, from the nature of the attachment, that the creature to which it belonged must have been a true fish, not a reptile. The same peculiarity is observable in two other very fine specimens in the collection of Mr. Patrick Duff, of Elgin. Both in saurians and in toothed cetaceæ, such as the porpoise, the teeth are inserted in sockets. In the ichthyolites of this formation, so far as these are illustrated by its better specimens, the teeth, as in existing fish, are merely placed flat upon the jaw, or in shallow pits, which seem almost to indicate that the contrivance of sockets might be afterwards resorted to. Immediately over the sandstone and conglomerate belt in which these organisms occur, there rests, as has