[194] Presidential Address Geologists' Association (_Proceedings_, vol. v. 1875-6). Partly reprinted in _Contemporary Review_, February, 1877, under the title "Evolution and the Vegetable Kingdom." [195] See APPENDIX A. p. 280a. [196] _Variation in Animals and Plants_, p. 343. By H. M. Verney (International Scientific Series, 88). [197] J. W. Barclay, _New Theory of Organic Evolution_, p. 90. [198] Huxley, _Lectures and Essays_ (Popular Edition), pp. 28, seq. [199] Since Professor Huxley wrote the idea has been completely discarded that these birds occupy such a place as he assigned them. The wing of _Hesperornis_, for example, is now declared to be an instance of _degeneration_ from one capable of flight. None of these fowls can be considered as the progenitors of any now existing, but all as the descendants of flying ancestors of arboreal habits, whereof no trace has yet been discovered. (See Pycraft's _Story of Bird Life_, p. 190.) [200] _Philosophical Transactions Royal Society_, 1863, p. 36. [201] This point is well handled by M. Paul Janet, _Final Causes_, 2nd English Edition, p. 245. [202] _Descent of Man_, ii. 156. [203] _Tablet_, May 26, 1888, p. 837. [204] _Lessons from Nature_, p. 297. [205] _Descent of Man_, _i._ p. 57. [206] In later editions (e.g. that of 1888, i. 133) the suggestion is put in form of a question: "May not some unusually wise ape-like animal ...?" [207] _Origin of Species_, c. vi. [208] _Ibid._, c. viii. [209] It is a grave aggravation of the problem, which need only be mentioned here, that the bees which make cells are neuters and have no descendants, while the queens and drones which are the progenitors of the whole race never do a stroke of work in the course of their existence. [210] _Descent of Man_ (1st Edition), ii. 385. [211] _Ibid._, i. 107. [212] _Ibid._, ii. 386. [213] _Charles Darwin et ses précurseurs Français_, p. 151 [214] _Ibid._, p. 167. [215] _La vie des êtres animés_, p. 161. [216] Saint-Hilaire. [217] _Les Emules de Darwin_, ii. p. 82. [218] _North British Review_, July, 1867, p. 316. [219] P. 313. [220] November 5, 1903, _Journal of Botany_, January, 1904, p. 32. [221] Dr. Hudson, see _Nature_, February 20, 1890, p. 375. [222] _Origin of Species_, c. xi. [223] _Op. cit._ p. 59. [224] _History of Creation_, English Edition, ii. 353. [225] _The Genealogy of Animals: a Review of Haeckel's "Natürliche Schöpfungs-Geschichte."_ The _Academy_, 1869. Reprinted in _Critiques and Addresses_, and _Darwiniana_ (Collected Works). [226] The Thyroid gland in the throat, the function of which is unknown, was supposed to be absolutely without use. It is found, however, that its removal entails _myxoedema_, a condition closely allied to cretinism. [227] "Geological Contemporaneity." (_Lay Sermons_, p. 206.) [228] Mr. Mivart, _Types of Animal Life_, p. 113. [229] _Les Emules de Darwin_, ii. 13. [230] Mr. Mivart, _Tablet_, April 21, 1888.