[285] _Lydekker_, p. 1361. [286] _Evolution of the Horse_, 12. [287] "Succession of Life on Earth" (_Recreations in Popular Science_, 2nd Series, p. 339). [288] British Museum (_Nat. Hist._) _Guide to fossil mammals and birds_, p. 38. [289] _American Journal of Science and Art_, 3rd Series, vol. 43 (1892), p. 351. [290] _The Evolution of the Horse_, p. 16. [291] _Lydekker_, _ut sup._ p. 1363. [292] Sir W. Flower, _The Horse_, p. 74. [293] "It is a consequence of the theory of Natural Selection that identity of structure involves community of descent; a given result can only be arrived at through a given sequence of events; the same morphological goal cannot be reached by two independent paths." Milnes Marshall, _Biological Lectures_, 247. [294] _Origin of Species_, c. xi. "Geological Succession of Organic Beings." [295] _Tablet_, April 21, 1888, p. 637. [296] _Catalogue of Mammals_, etc., _ut sup._ p. 38. [297] _Chain of Life_, p. 222. [298] _Les Enchainements du Monde Animal_ ... Mammifères Tertiaires. [299] _Chain of Life_, 227. [300] It is the "fingers" of the bat's "hand" which support the wing membrane. Hence the scientific name _Cheiroptera_. [301] E.g. Dinotherium giganteum and Elephas meridionalis. (Vid. Gaudry, _op. cit._ 169.) [302] Lecture at Royal Institution, January 2, 1904. [303] A remarkable instance of the need of caution is furnished by the history of the Dinotherium itself. From the teeth, first found, Cuvier set down the animal as a monster Tapir. Then, a whole skull being discovered, Herr Kaup of Darmstadt, commenting upon the danger of such a proceeding, himself classed the beast among the Edentata (Sloths, etc.), and afterwards among the Hippopotami. Buckland and Strauss thought it must have been an aquatic creature; Blainville and Pictet labelled it a Manatee, or sea-cow. (Vid. Gaudry, _op. cit._ 187-9.) [304] _Op. cit._ p. 191. [305] Milnes Marshall, _Lectures on Darwinian Theory_, p. 66. [306] See Appendix C. p. 285. [307] _Modern Ideas of Evolution_, c. iv. [308] "Primeval Vegetation in its relation to the Doctrine of Natural Selection and Evolution." (_Essays and Addresses_, Owen's College, Manchester, p. 200.) [309] _History of Creation_, ii. 92, English Edition. [310] _Ibid._, p. 295. [311] _Les Emules de Darwin_, ii. 76. [312] As an instance M. de Quatrefages cites Haeckel's own words, from his _Anthropogenie_. "The Vertebrate Ancestor No. 15, akin to the Salamanders, must have been a species of Saurian (Lizard). There remains to us no fossil relic of this animal; in no respect did he resemble any form actually existing. Nevertheless, comparative anatomy and ontogeny authorize us in affirming that he once existed. We will call this animal _Protamnion_." [313] _Ibid._, p. 122. [314] _Revue Scientifique_ (1886), p. 486. [315] _Ibid._ (1877), I. 1101. [316] _Origin of Species_, c. x. [317] _Genesis of Species_, p. 134.