=Ramsgate=, one of modern harbours on northern shore of Straits, its artificial character, 36. =Reconstruction of Old Road.= See '=Method=.' =Reculvers=, one of original harbours in connection with crossing Straits of Dover, 35. =Reef=, of Calvados, 50; off Ventnor, 55. =Reformation=, effect of, on Old Road, 221-224. =Reigate=, derivation of name of, and relation to Old Road, 199. =Religion=, effect of a road on development of, 7; effect of Dark Ages on, in Britain, 80; preserves and recovers Old Road, 92-94. =Representative System=, monastic origin of, 86. =Richborough=, one of original harbours on northern shore of the Straits, 35 (Rutupiae); alternative harbour in original crossing, 36. =Road=, the, primeval importance of, 4-5. =---- Old.= See '=Old Road=.' =Road, Roman.= See '=Roman Road=.' =---- Flanking.= See '=Flanking Roads=.' =---- Turnpike.= See '=Turnpike=.' =Roads, prehistoric=, in England, correspond to five hill ranges, 15 (with map); difficulty of recovering, 74-75; especially preserved in Britain, 78; and their destruction in twelfth century, 84, 85. =Roman Britain=, imperfect occupation of, 76, 77. =Roman Coins=, discovery of, at Gatton, 203; at Boxley, 253 (note 2). =Roman Remains=, near Itchen Abbas, 126 (and note); near Farnham, 153; at Colley Farm and Walton Heath, 197; at Titsey Park, 214; at Lower Halling, Snodland, Burham, Little Culand, 251; Plaxtol and Thurnham, Boxley, 253 (note 2). =Roman Road=, definite character of a, 74; from Winchester to Silchester, site of, 119, 124 (and note); conjectural from Portus Adurni to London, 200; at base of Upwood Scrubbs, 208. =Ropley=, passage of Pilgrimage through, and position on Old Road, 136 (and note); valley of, track of Old Road through, 137 (map). =Rutupiae.= See =Reculvers=. =Rye=, one of original harbours on northern shores of Straits, 35. =St. Catherine's Chapel=, near Guildford, discussed in connection with passage of River Wey, 163-165. =---- Down=, in Isle of Wight. See '=Isle of Wight=.' =---- Hill=, camp at Winchester, compared to Bigberry Camp, 70. =St. Martha's=, doubtful whether passed to north or south, 110; derivation of name, 170; described, passed, 172. =St. Swithin=, his shrine at Winchester, 71. =St. Thomas à Becket=, his shrine at Canterbury destroys that of St. Swithin at Winchester, 71; pilgrimage to tomb of, see '=Pilgrimage='; his martyrdom, turning-point of twelfth century, 89; date of martyrdom, jubilee and translation, 91; his chapel at Reigate, 200. =Salisbury Plain=, area of convergence of prehistoric roads, 16.