The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and BabyloniaPinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Religion
The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia
Pinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
Yet the king does sometimes come forth from his shell, and then we see him
in his two aspects—as king, giving his orders to the officials of his
court and army, and as the chief citizen of the country over which he
ruled. The former is illustrated by the despatches and letters in which
his name occurs, and the latter by such references to him as we find in
the contracts—and these are very few, as the colophon-dates and
invocations of his name in the legal oaths do not count.
Many letters of Ḫammurabi have been found, and indicate how active he was
as a ruler. These texts, which, as far as they are published, are
generally in a very incomplete state, nevertheless show that this most
successful king paid every attention to the welfare of his subjects, even
those in distant parts of the country. Thus in one of these communications
he gives instructions to Sin-idinnam (who was apparently military governor
of Larsa or Ellasar) to pronounce judgment against a certain person who
laid claim to a field. Another letter to the same person refers to grain
taken by Awel-îli, concerning which the king says, “I have seen these
reports. The grain of the recorder (?), which Awel-îli has taken, let him
return to the recorder.” In another place he writes to his officer rather
angrily because Inuḫ-samar, apparently Sin-idinnam’s lieutenant, had taken
away from Sin-magir certain documents signed by the king. He asks
Sin-idinnam why he had done this (placing the blame directly upon him),
and concludes, “The documents, the property of Sin-magir ... with the
impress of my seal, which thou hast taken, restore to him.” If Sin-idinnam
had not been a very high-placed official, he would in all probability have
been dismissed.
The following is a letter from king Ammi-ṭitana to his agent—
“To the agent of Sippar-Ya’rurum say thus: ‘It is Ammi-ṭitana. The
wool-merchant has thus informed me: “I keep sending to the purveyor of
Sippar-Ya’rurum concerning the wool ordered from him, to cause (it) to be
sent to Babylon, but he has not caused the wool ordered from him to be
sent.” Thus he informs me. Why hast thou not caused the wool ordered from
thee to be sent to Babylon? As thou hast not feared to do this, when thou
seest this tablet, cause the wool ordered from thee to be brought to
Babylon.’ ”
It will thus be seen that the early kings of Babylonia identified
themselves with the people of the country over which they ruled much more
than the sovereigns of Europe have for many hundreds of years been
accustomed to do. More than this—their families were accustomed to
intermarry with the people, as did Elmešu—“Diamond” or “Crystal,” daughter
of Ammi-ṭitana—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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