The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and BabyloniaPinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Religion
The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia
Pinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
It is needless to say that the above long account differs considerably
from that given in the Bible (2 Kings xviii. 13; Isa. xxxvi. 1 ff.), and
it is very difficult to reconcile the two narratives. According to the
account in Kings, Sennacherib came and took all the fenced cities of
Judah, but there is no statement as to the reason why. The Assyrian king
justifies his invasion of the country by stating that Hezekiah had sided
with the inhabitants of Ekron in the deposition of their king, whom he had
received from them and kept in prison. He even states that he brought him
forth from Jerusalem and replaced him on the throne. That this
circumstance is not referred to in the Biblical account, cannot be held to
indicate that the Assyrian king’s story is wrong, and only shows that the
writer of the 2nd Book of the Kings did not think it of sufficient
importance to record. In all probability, Hezekiah did not know at the
time that Padî was an Assyrian vassal, otherwise he would not have
incurred the risk of an invasion of his country by the dreaded Assyrians.
The Biblical account then states that Hezekiah sent to the king at
Lachish, saying that he had offended, and asking for terms, a fact which
indicates that he was aware of having done something at which the king of
Assyria might justly take offence. The answer was, the fixing of the
amount of tribute which Hezekiah had to pay—300 talents of silver and 30
talents of gold, this latter item agreeing with the statement of
Sennacherib himself, though the amount of silver which he mentions—800
talents—is much greater. The sacrifice which Hezekiah made on this
occasion (he had to strip off the gold from the doors of the Temple, and
also from the pillars which he had overlaid, to make up the sum) was
considerable. Concerning a siege of Jerusalem at this point, however,
there is not a single word in the Biblical account, and the general
opinion is, that the Assyrian king has purposely combined two accounts to
give an appearance of success to what, in 2 Kings xix. 35-37, appears to
have been a serious disaster to the Assyrian arms.
It is worthy of note, however, that Josephus makes the siege of Jerusalem
to have taken place when Sennacherib was returning from Egypt, where he
had spent a long time besieging Pelusium (_Ant._ x. i. 4), which was
regarded as the key of Egypt. In support of this he quotes Herodotus, who,
according to him, made a great mistake “when he called this king not king
of the Assyrians, but of the Arabians.” This, however, is not quite
correct, as Herodotus really says (book ii. 141), “Sennacherib king of the
Arabians and of the Assyrians.” That it took place on his return from
Egypt, however, is also stated by Berosus, whom Josephus quotes in full,
as follows—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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