The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and BabyloniaPinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Religion
The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia
Pinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
“The Nineveh-road, with difficulty (but) speedily, I traversed—
before me, in the land of Ḫani-galbat, the whole of their mighty
warriors halted before my expedition, and prepared their weapons.
The fear of the great gods, my lords, overwhelmed them, and
the attack of my mighty battle they saw, and became as demented.
Ištar, lady of war and battle, lover of my priesthood,
stood by my side, and broke their bows.
She scattered their serried battle(-array), and
in their assembled mass they called out thus:
“This is our king.”
By her supreme command they came over to my side.”
Oracles encouraging Esarhaddon exist, and possibly refer to this
expedition.
Unfortunately the mutilation of the record, by which the beginning is
wanting, has deprived us of the names of both conspirators, which are,
therefore, only preserved by the Bible, Berosus, Abydenus, and Polyhistor.
Various have been the conjectures as to what the true Assyrian forms of
the names would be, and only one, that of Adrammelech, has been found with
any probability of its being the right one. The name in question is that
of Aššur-munik, or, perhaps better, Aššur-mulik, for whom Sennacherib
built a palace. From its form in Hebrew, Sharezer should be Šar-uṣur in
Assyrian, _i.e._ “protect the king,” the name of the deity called upon
being omitted.
Though Esarhaddon’s inscriptions do not give any chronological data, the
Babylonian chronicle indicates the dates of his campaigns with sufficient
precision. From it we learn that in his first year he had to put down a
rebellion in Ur, led by Zēru-kênu-lîšir, whom Esarhaddon calls
Nabû-zēr-napišti-lîšir, son of Merodach-baladan. In the year 676 B.C., his
expedition to Sidon took place, and Abdi-milkutti, the king, was beheaded
in 675. After taking the spoil of the city, he says that he “assembled the
kings of Ḫatti and the sea-coast, all of them,” and there is every
probability that it was at this time that he “took Menasseh with hooks,”
or, as the Revised Version has it, with chains, and bound him with
fetters, and brought him to Babylon, where, as sovereign of that land
also, he sometimes held court. Though severe, and probably also cruel
sometimes, Esarhaddon was more mercifully inclined than his father, and
allowed Menasseh to resume the reins of government at Jerusalem. There is
no reference to this in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon, though he
mentions, in his list of tributaries, Menasseh king of the city of Judah.
This list, which is from a cylinder-inscription, is as follows—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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