The Organism as a Whole, from a Physicochemical ViewpointLoeb, Jacques
Science
The Organism as a Whole, from a Physicochemical Viewpoint
Loeb, Jacques
Biology; Life (Biology); Mendel's law
[129] Crampton, H. E., _New York Academy of Sciences_, 1894; Kofoid, C.
A., _Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences_, 1894, xxix.
[130] Conklin, E. G., _Anat. Anzeig._, 1903, xxiii., 577; _Heredity and
Environment in the Development of Man_. Princeton, 1915, p. 171.
E. B. Wilson[131] has found a marked differentiation in the eggs of
some annelids and molluscs. He isolated the first two blastomeres of
the egg of _Lanice_, an Annelid. These two blastomeres are somewhat
different in size; from the larger one of the first two blastomeres,
the segmented trunk of the worm originates. Wilson found that
when either cell of the two-cell stage is destroyed, the
remaining cell segments as if it still formed a part of an entire
embryo.[132] The later development of the two cells differs in
an essential respect, and in accordance with what we should
expect from a study of the normal development. The posterior cell
develops into a segmented larva with a prototroch, an asymmetrical
pre-trochal or head region, and a nearly typical metameric
seta-bearing trunk region, the active movements of which show that
the muscles are normally developed. The pre-trochal or head region
bears an apical organ, but is more or less asymmetrical, and, in
every case observed, but a single eye was present, whereas the
normal larva has two symmetrically placed eyes. The development of
the anterior cell contrasts sharply with that of the posterior.
This embryo likewise produces a prototroch and a pre-trochal
region, with an apical organ, but produces no post-trochal region,
develops no trunk or setæ, and does not become metameric. Except
for the presence of an apical organ, these anterior embryos are
similar in their general features to the corresponding ones
obtained in _Dentalium_. None of the individuals observed developed
a definite eye, though one of them bore a somewhat vague pigment
spot.
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